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• W747671177 abstract "Studies of interception have shown that participants expect free-falling targets todescend vertically and accelerate at g (9.81 m/s2). Visuomotor delays render motorcommands obsolete in such rapidly changing situations, so predictive control isnecessary. Internal models have been proposed as a mechanism to predict the futureposition of free-falling objects. Internal models are predictive systems that provideinput to the motor and sensory systems, and are acquired by the CNS from experience.The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate the existence of a possibleinternal model of gravity and to explore its directional and acceleration amplitudeaspects. This thesis is the first study to investigate directional and amplitude aspects ofsuch a model by systematically varying stimulus target kinematics.In the first two experiments, participants performed visually guided tracking ofrealistic virtual stimuli. In experiment 1, stimuli accelerated at g but moved in differentstraight-line directions. In experiment 2, stimuli always descended vertically but withdifferent accelerations (as percentages of g). Tracking was by finger pointing, laserpointing, gaze tracking in isolation or gaze tracking with concomitant manual or lasertracking. In the absence of on-screen feedback of indicated position (i.e. non-lasertrials), tracking was generally tuned for targets that a) descended vertically (or tendedincreasingly to vertically downwards over time) and b) accelerated at g or slightly lessthan g.In the third experiment, participants judged whether a target accelerating at gwas moving vertically, or to the left or right of the vertical. The stimuli fromexperiment 1 were used. I found that a) participants’ reports were influenced by anexpectation that gravity would affect the trajectory even when there is visualinformation to the contrary (i.e. an effect of gravity was expected on observedtrajectory); and b) physics expertise yielded no difference in performance suggestingthat performance, based on an internal model of gravity, is determined by experience ofseeing things fall in the real-world under gravity, rather than by intellectualunderstanding of gravity. In the fourth experiment, participants judged whether a targetaccelerated at less than g, at g, or greater than g. The stimuli from experiment 2 wereused. As with experiment 3, I found no effect of physics expertise and only weakevidence in support of an internal model of gravity.I conclude that the CNS is likely construct and maintain an internal model ofgravity that predicts the future position of free-falling targets to be in a ‘real-world' manner – acceleration at 99% or 100% of g and vertically downwards or in a directiontending increasingly to vertically downwards over time. I found no evidence for ‘directperception’ (observation yielding first-order time-to-contact information). In the finalconclusion I briefly discuss alternative possibilities for predictive motor control." @default.
• W747671177 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W747671177 date "2014-02-01" @default.
• W747671177 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W747671177 title "An investigation into the directional and amplitude aspects of an internal model of gravity" @default.
• W747671177 hasPublicationYear "2014" @default.
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