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- W74782364 abstract "3000 the second-formant transition1 in CV syllables provides information for (is a cue for) consonantal place of articulation. 2 Synthetic syllables can be created in which the second· formant transition provides the only information in the signal for place of articulation, and listeners will correctly report the consonant whose place information is specified in that way. Figure 1 shows the different transitions for Idl in Idi/ and IduJ in synthetic syllables identified reliably and correctly by listeners. In these syllables, the very different second formant transitions provide the only information for stop place. Yet listeners hear both synthetic syllables as having syllable-initial Id/s; moreover, they hear the Id/s as indistinguishable (Liberman et at 1967). When the transitions' are removed from their contexts and presented in isolation to listeners, each sounds like the frequency glide it resembles in a visual display, and neither sounds like a d. Here, then is another kind of disagreement between obvious characteristics of the acoustic signal and the listener's percept. The phonetic segments do not sound, phenomenally, like a composition of the the visibly obvious acoustic fragments that nonetheless do somehow support phonetic perception. The phonetic information that listeners extract from the acoustic speech signal does not correspond to features of the signal that are obvious in visible displays of speech. Listeners can report hearing sequences of the phonetic segments (consonants and vowels) that alphabetic orthographies spell, but phonetic segments are not evident in displays of acoustic speech signals. Whereas acoustic segments can be identified reliably in these displays, they do not correspond to phonetic segments (e.g., Fant & Lindblom, 1961): there are many more acoustic than phonetic segments; and each acoustic segment provides information about more than one phonetic segment; each phonetic segment affects, and hence is signaled by, a variable number of acoustic segments. We understand the reasons why acoustic segments relate in so complex a way to phonetic segments. Talkers coarticulate gestures for different phonetic segments (that is, they produce them in overlapping time frames). Therefore, components ofneighboring phonetic segments are, at best, interleaved, and some researchers suggest that they are even changed (in being assimilated to their neighbors; e.g., Daniloff & Hammarberg, 1973) or, worse yet, distorted (Ohala,1981) or smashed and rubbed together (like raw eggs sent through a wringer; Hockett, 1955) or encoded (Liberman, Cooper, Shankweiler, & Studdert-Kennedy, 1967) in articulation and therefore in the acoustic speech signal. Phonetic perception and visibly displayed acoustic signals fail to correspond in another way as well. Early research on perception of speech uncovered a variety of cues important for the perception of phonetic information. For example, en 2400 Q. (J c 1800 >(,) c 1200 CI) :::J tT ~ 800 LL." @default.
- W74782364 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W74782364 date "2009-01-01" @default.
- W74782364 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W74782364 title "Listener-talker Attunements in Speech*" @default.
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