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• W749020704 abstract "ABSTRACT.A virtual university, institution of higher education seen as self-reliant, with a organization, study programs, and where the educational process is not bound by space and time, may be the answer searched by many people in this age in which information and fast reactions are essential requirements in any field. In this paper, we propose indicators of economic efficiency that can be used in making the decision to establish a virtual university and/or to assess the management team's activity.JEL codes: A22; 122Keywords: virtual university indicators; efficiency of study programs; economic efficiency indicators for universities(ProQuest: ... denotes formulae omitted.)1. IntroductionThe advance to knowledge society is considered, in the world, as a necessary evolution to ensure the durable development in the context of new economy, mainly on intense-intellectual products and activities, as well as to realize an advanced socio-human civilization (Pacuraru, 2012a, p. 688). The virtual universities would fit perfectly in the spirit of the European Higher Education Area and could contribute substantially to the formation of the human resources required for the transition to the knowledge society.Different types of indicators are used to measure the effectiveness of any organization (virtual or not). For example, the following indicators can be used to measure the use of ICT in education (Uscatu, 2006):* number of students per computer and number of students per computer connected to the Internet;* level of technological support;* objectives of the national ICT policies;* inclusion of ICT in the national study programs;* number of computers connected to the Internet and connection quality;* number of schools with their own websites;* number of Internet users.Using the indicators outlined above, it is possible to determine whether the initiative to establish a virtual university is likely to succeed in terms of penetration in various geographical areas differentiated by ICT infrastructure development. Other indicators are used to evaluate the academic prestige, the performance of the undergraduates and graduates, the scientific research, and the graduate, master and Ph.D. study programs (Ciobanica and Stignei, 2013).2. Economic Efficiency IndicatorsAnother aspect to be taken into account when proposing a model of virtual organization that uses a organizational structure, untested in Romanian higher education so far refers to appropriateness and economic efficiency. To start such an endeavor, opportunity and feasibility studies should be made in order to ensure the potential partner universities of the advantages and benefits that may derive from such a partnership. In any study of this type, the performance indicators that measure the correlation between income and expenses are calculated. Besides the generic indicators specified in the methodology for feasibility studies (financial indicators and specific investment indicators), in this situation there should be also used indicators that reflect the particularities of this type of education. Here is how economic and financial indicators can be used (Pacuraru, 2012b):The average expense for providing educational materials for one discipline - these expenses occur mostly before starting the actual training process:...where:Chdirect = direct costs, such as salaries for teachers, technical staff and pedagogues who work to provide the educational materials, materials consumption, etc;Chindirect = overheads or indirect costs, i.e. rents, electricity and water bills, etc. - rationally allocated;no discipline = total number of disciplines that will be part of different study programs with which the virtual university activity is expected to start.4- Estimated average number of disciplines for a study program: A verage_n o_discipline4- Average expenses for providing educational materials for one study program: Chprg_ed materiais = Chdiscipiine * Average_no_discipline4- Average expenses for the accreditation of a study program: Ch accreditation4- Average expenses for distributing a study program over a period of three years:Ch distribution = Expenses related to didactic activity over a period of three years (Bologna standards) - costs with teachers' salaries, materials consumption, indirect costs with the remuneration of other employees and other indirect costs. …" @default.
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• W749020704 date "2014-12-01" @default.
• W749020704 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W749020704 title "Economic Efficiency Indicators for a Virtual University" @default.
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