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• W751521153 abstract "Hierarchies, Subjects, and the Lack Thereof in Imbabura Quichua Subordinate Clauses C LARA C OHEN University of California, Berkeley Introduction One way to simplify grammatical descriptions and comparisons is to set up a hierarchy of proper- ties associated with the constructions under analysis. Rather than specifying piecemeal the set of behaviors associated with constructions X and Y, the right hierarchy allows a linguist simply to say that construction X has behavior N and everything below it on the hierarchy, while construction Y has behavior N+2 and everything below it. These hierarchies can be implicational tendencies that describe cross-linguistic generalizations (for example, markedness hierarchies such as /t/ < /p/ < /k/, by which languages that have the phoneme /k/ will also have /p/ and /t/; Maddieson 1984), or they can be a language-specific hierarchy that simplifies description of a set of structures. This paper deals with two hierarchies of the second type. Specifically, I argue that two hierarchies that have been proposed to account for the behavior of non-canonical subjects in Imbabura Quichua do not uniformly hold true in the face of other data. Imbabura Quichua (IQ) is a Quechua language spoken by perhaps a hundred thousand people in the Imbabura province of the Ecuadorean Andes. 1 Of interest in this investigation are its multiple types of non-canonical subjects. Non-canonical subjects are arguments that behave similarly to subjects in some ways — e.g., in imperative constructions, or as antecedents for reflexive pronouns — but not all. Usually non-canonical subjects are distinct from canonical subjects at least in their morphological properties, taking different case-marking or governing different patterns of verb agreement, and often they diverge in some other syntactic properties as well (Onishi 2001). In a language like IQ, which has multiple types of non-canonical subjects, a hierarchical arrangment of subjecthood properties become extremely useful, because the right hierarchy allows the linguist to describe much more concisely the behavior of each non-canonical subject in a principled way. The linguist can simply refer to a subset of properties on the hierarchy, rather than giving a piecemeal listing of which behavior each argument type does or does not exhibit. The first hierarchical description of non-canonical subjects discussed in this paper is pro- posed by Onishi (2001) and Hermon (2001). It describes which types of syntactic behaviors non- canonical subjects are most likely to display. A summary of Hermon’s proposal is given below in (1). Briefly, she proposes that an argument which displays behaviors later on the list will also display all the behaviors earlier on the list. For example, an argument that can be the target of coreferential EQUI deletion (step (b)) will also show a ban on WH -movement (step (a)), but not necessarily vice versa, and arguments that are morphologically coded as subjects (step (c)) will exhibit all the other behaviors listed in steps (a)-(b). The exact amount varies: Lewis (2009) cites 300,000 from a 1977 SIL survey, while G´omez-Rend´on (2007) points out that the entire population of the Imbabura province was barely 250,000 in 1982; he proposes a more conservative estimate of 150,000 speakers." @default.
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• W751521153 date "2013-01-01" @default.
• W751521153 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W751521153 title "Hierarchies, Subjects, and the Lack Thereof in Imbabura Quichua Subordinate Clauses" @default.
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