Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W752425446> ?p ?o ?g. }
Showing items 1 to 67 of
67
with 100 items per page.
- W752425446 abstract "Thunderstorms launch antimatter, gamma rays, and highly energetic electrons and neutrons to the edge of space. This witches' brew of radiation is generated at the edge of the stratopause, by the strong electric fields associated with lightning discharges. In less than a quarter millisecond, an explosive feedback process takes an initial population of electrons, perhaps produced by cosmic rays from dying stars, and amplifies them a billion billion-fold in the rarefied air over high altitude thunderheads. The electrons generate gamma radiation as they travel through the stratosphere and lower mesosphere, momentarily brighter and of harder spectrum than cosmic gamma ray bursts. These electrons ultimately are absorbed by the atmosphere, but the gamma rays continue on, into the upper reaches of the atmosphere, where they in turn generate a new population of electrons, positrons, and energetic neutrons. These secondary electrons and positrons move along the magnetic field, and can reach near-earth space, streaming through the inner radiation belts, and possibly contributing to the trapped populations there. First postulated by Wilson in 1925, and serendipitously discovered by the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory in 1994 [Fishman et al.], these events, known as Terrestrial Gamma ray Flashes (TGFs), represent the most intense episodes of particle acceleration on or near the Earth, resulting in electrons with energies up to 100 MeV. Recent observations by the RHESSI [Smith et al., 2004], Fermi [Briggs et al., 2010], and AGILE [Tavani et al., 2011] satellites, and theoretical and computational modeling, have suggested that the relativistic runaway electron avalanche (RREA) mechanism [Gurevich, 1992], and important modifications, such as the relativistic feedback discharge (RFD) model [Dwyer 2012] can best explain the observations at present. In these models, strong thunderstorm electric fields drive electrons, generated from cosmic ray interactions, into a runaway discharge, in which the electrons continually gain energy from the electric field, creating a host of secondaries as they interact with the background atmospheric gas. The feedback mechanisms include backwards-propagating positrons and gamma rays, which then can generate new seed electrons at the base of the acceleration region, and themselves generate further avalanche chain reactions, greatly amplifying the initial population. All these processes happen in the stratosphere, in the altitude range near 15-20 km, where the electric fields and mean free paths are appropriate to allow the discharge to develop." @default.
- W752425446 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W752425446 creator A5068640676 @default.
- W752425446 date "2012-04-25" @default.
- W752425446 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W752425446 title "Earth's Most Powerful Natural Particle Accelerator" @default.
- W752425446 hasPublicationYear "2012" @default.
- W752425446 type Work @default.
- W752425446 sameAs 752425446 @default.
- W752425446 citedByCount "0" @default.
- W752425446 crossrefType "journal-article" @default.
- W752425446 hasAuthorship W752425446A5068640676 @default.
- W752425446 hasConcept C111309251 @default.
- W752425446 hasConcept C121332964 @default.
- W752425446 hasConcept C1276947 @default.
- W752425446 hasConcept C130443932 @default.
- W752425446 hasConcept C144024400 @default.
- W752425446 hasConcept C147120987 @default.
- W752425446 hasConcept C149923435 @default.
- W752425446 hasConcept C185544564 @default.
- W752425446 hasConcept C186769553 @default.
- W752425446 hasConcept C2908647359 @default.
- W752425446 hasConcept C44870925 @default.
- W752425446 hasConcept C54173289 @default.
- W752425446 hasConcept C7910260 @default.
- W752425446 hasConcept C82706917 @default.
- W752425446 hasConceptScore W752425446C111309251 @default.
- W752425446 hasConceptScore W752425446C121332964 @default.
- W752425446 hasConceptScore W752425446C1276947 @default.
- W752425446 hasConceptScore W752425446C130443932 @default.
- W752425446 hasConceptScore W752425446C144024400 @default.
- W752425446 hasConceptScore W752425446C147120987 @default.
- W752425446 hasConceptScore W752425446C149923435 @default.
- W752425446 hasConceptScore W752425446C185544564 @default.
- W752425446 hasConceptScore W752425446C186769553 @default.
- W752425446 hasConceptScore W752425446C2908647359 @default.
- W752425446 hasConceptScore W752425446C44870925 @default.
- W752425446 hasConceptScore W752425446C54173289 @default.
- W752425446 hasConceptScore W752425446C7910260 @default.
- W752425446 hasConceptScore W752425446C82706917 @default.
- W752425446 hasLocation W7524254461 @default.
- W752425446 hasOpenAccess W752425446 @default.
- W752425446 hasPrimaryLocation W7524254461 @default.
- W752425446 hasRelatedWork W1488702885 @default.
- W752425446 hasRelatedWork W1625860535 @default.
- W752425446 hasRelatedWork W1628087272 @default.
- W752425446 hasRelatedWork W1995629010 @default.
- W752425446 hasRelatedWork W1996000967 @default.
- W752425446 hasRelatedWork W2018506183 @default.
- W752425446 hasRelatedWork W2042391751 @default.
- W752425446 hasRelatedWork W2068059242 @default.
- W752425446 hasRelatedWork W2084314519 @default.
- W752425446 hasRelatedWork W2143231108 @default.
- W752425446 hasRelatedWork W2152034584 @default.
- W752425446 hasRelatedWork W2586203115 @default.
- W752425446 hasRelatedWork W2594653519 @default.
- W752425446 hasRelatedWork W2771184774 @default.
- W752425446 hasRelatedWork W2894202064 @default.
- W752425446 hasRelatedWork W3085841617 @default.
- W752425446 hasRelatedWork W3091069832 @default.
- W752425446 hasRelatedWork W3101506211 @default.
- W752425446 hasRelatedWork W3123181655 @default.
- W752425446 hasRelatedWork W3206975223 @default.
- W752425446 isParatext "false" @default.
- W752425446 isRetracted "false" @default.
- W752425446 magId "752425446" @default.
- W752425446 workType "article" @default.