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• W754461308 abstract "MR Characterization of Dialysate as a Contrast Agent: Clinically approved 4.25% dextrose peritoneal dialysis fluid (Fresenius Medical Care, Bad Homburg, Germany, ~0.1 mL/g) was chosen in this study to enhance the peritoneal cavity for visualizing the abdominal structures. For measurement of MR relaxation properties, five phantoms were made with this standard dialysate diluted to volume concentrations of 0%, 10%, 20%, 50% and 100%, respectively using PBS in cylindrical tubes. Their transverse and longitudinal relaxation rates were measured using a multi-echo SE sequence (TR = 3 s with TEs of 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160, 180, 200 ms) and single-echo SE sequence (TE = 10 ms with TRs of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 s), respectively. Animal Procedures: To evaluate MRI detection of peritoneal adhesion with dialysate, adhesion was induced in male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats (150-250 g, N = 6) using a surgical procedure of abdominal wall and cecal abrasion similar to that previously described [2]. Briefly, a 3 cm vertical midline incision was made through the abdominal wall and peritoneum. Both dorsal and ventral surfaces of the cecum was exposed and abraded with a size-15 scalpel blade until blood appeared on the cecal surface in all cases. The parietal peritoneum lateral to the midline incision was also scraped 30 times until petechial hemorrhage was observed. The abdominal incision was closed subsequently in two layers with 4-0 silk sutures. Animals were scanned with MRI at day 21 after the surgical procedure. They were then sacrificed one day after MRI. The abdomen was opened through a U-shaped incision for confirmation of the adhesion site. Surface area of peritoneal adhesion was estimated by measuring the representative lengths according to the shape of the adhesion (such as ellipse, rectangle and trapezoid) by two independent observers. MRI: All MRI experiments were performed on a 7 Tesla MRI scanner (70/16 PharmaScan, Bruker, Germany) with a 60 mm quadrature RF coil. Animals were anesthetized with isoflurane/air using 1.5% for maintenance. Each animal was given IP injection of pre-warmed 100% dialysate (~0.1 mL/g) after overnight fasting to reduce intestinal motion during MRI scan. T2*-weighed GE images were acquired by a multi-slice 2D flow-compensated sequence with respiratory gating and TR 1 s, TE = 7.5 ms, FA = 90o, FOV = 6.0×6.0 cm, slice thickness = 1.2 mm, acquisition matrix = 192×192, voxel size = 0.31×0.31×1.2 mm 3 , NEX = 2, and total scan time of ~7 min. The boundary of the peritoneal adhesion near cecum was manually segmented and smoothed for each animal in the multi-slice image data set obtained after the dialysate administration. The corresponding adhesion area was computed from the estimated length of adhesion boundary on each slice and the center-to-center slice spacing by a blinded observer. Two normal rats (N = 2) without any surgical procedure for adhesion were also scanned with identical protocols after IP injection of pre-warmed 100% dialysate as controls, and scanned 1 to 3 days after the dialysate administration to examine the dialysate clearance from peritoneal cavity. Results Table 1 lists the dialysate relaxation properties measured. The dialysate was clearly shown to be a medium of long longitudinal and transverse relaxation times. T1 and T2 values of undiluted dialysate were found to be 3017.5 ± 35.3 ms and 108.4 ± 2.0 ms at 7 Tesla, respectively, distinctly differing from those of most soft tissues in abdominal region. As the dialysate volume concentration decreased with PBS dilution, R2 was found to decrease linearly while R1 remained largely the same. Fig. 1 shows the typical sagittal images of rats with and without peritoneal adhesion obtained after the dialysate administration. For the rats surgically induced for peritoneal adhesion, intraperitoneal dialysate enhancement has clearly depicted the peritoneal adhesion sites at cecum in five out of six animals studied. The postmortem inspection confirmed the successful adhesion inductions in five out of the six animals (Fig. 2), and no adhesion induction in one animal. Fig. 3 plots the adhesion surface areas determined by in vivo dialysate-enhanced MRI and postmortem measurement. Good correlation (R = 0.99) was observed. For the two normal rats, the intraperitoneal enhancement was found to be visible for up to 2 days. Discussion Our experimental results demonstrated intraperitoneal dialysis fluid as a useful MRI contrast medium of long T1 and T2 values. While previous MRI studies employed dialysate mainly to monitor the complications of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis such as peritoneal leak in patients [3-5], the current work illustrated that intraperitoneal administration of dialysate provided an excellent intraperitoneal enhancement that could be used to delineate peritoneal adhesion. Peritoneal dialysate enhancement may be potentially applicable in clinical MRI detection and evaluation of post-surgical peritoneal adhesion and to monitor therapeutic interventions (i.e., against peritoneal adhesion) in future preclinical research. It may also be valuable in examining the complex abdominal structures (both intra- and retroperitoneal organs) and abnormalities." @default.
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• W754461308 date "2008-01-01" @default.
• W754461308 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W754461308 title "MRI Detection of Peritoneal Adhesion with Dialysate Enhancement" @default.
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