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• W755352169 abstract "Human outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) such as H5N1 and novel avian strains such as H7N9 have provoked significant public health concern. An outbreak of H5N1 in humans was first reported in Hong Kong (HK), China in 1997. This event was curtailed by a variety of public health measures including the culling of over 1.5 million chickens in the city.1 H5N1 has since re-emerged in multiple countries with over 600 reported infections and, since 2003, a case fatality of about 59% (World Health Organization (WHO) report, as of January 24, 2014). A clear picture of the prevalence and transmissibility of avian influenza strains in humans is lacking, in part due to sparse epidemiological data and limitations in current detection methods. A recent meta-analysis estimated a 1.2% (95% CI: 0.6%–2.1%) seropositive rate for H5N1 in humans.2 Here we argue that H5N1 seroprevalence could be region specific, due to differing levels of exposure to wild and domestic fowl. We hypothesize that persistent environmental exposure to avian influenza strains may enhance cross-immunity against HPAI strains such as H5N1, and thus lower H5N1 seropositive rates. In contrast, people with limited exposure to poultry and wild birds may have less cross-immunity against HPAI (e.g., H5N1) and thus could be more susceptible to the virus.Our hypothesis is supported by two independent lines of evidence: one epidemiological, and the other immunological. The former evidence shows that populations with frequent exposure to poultry have lower H5N1 seropositive rates; the latter indicates that cross-immunity between human and avian strains exists and its strength may depend on the frequency of exposure. Each of these lines of evidence is detailed herewith." @default.
• W755352169 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W755352169 creator A5006605951 @default.
• W755352169 creator A5087318157 @default.
• W755352169 date "2014-09-01" @default.
• W755352169 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W755352169 title "Does exposure to poultry and wild fowl confer immunity to H5N1?" @default.
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• W755352169 doi "https://doi.org/10.1097/00029330-201409200-00025" @default.
• W755352169 hasPubMedCentralId "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4416210" @default.
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• W755352169 hasPublicationYear "2014" @default.
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