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• W760052941 abstract "Insects flying across their habitat generate in their eyes complex motion patterns. They contain information about the animal's instantaneous direction and speed of locomotion as well as about the three-dimensional layout of the surroundings. In flies, visual motion is analyzed by large arrays of small field motion detectors. For each location in visual space, motion is detected in different directions. Local motion signals of distinct preferred directions are projected retinotopically into different layers of the lobula plate (third visual neuropil). There, neurons with extended dendritic arborizations across the retinotopic input array select from different depths of the neuropil many local signals, each corresponding to a particular direction of motion at a particular location in visual space. Spatial integration of thousands of well-selected local inputs over tailor-suited areas of visual space would allow to create specific filters for distinct optic flow patterns. By intracellular recordings from wide-field neurons, receptive field mapping with local motion stimuli and cell identification by dye injection and 3-D-reconstruction we demonstrate the ways how flies overcome the multiple ambiguities of local motion signals and generate useful representations of different selfmotions. 1.Habitats and lifestyles of blowflies: Sheep blowflies (Lucilia spec.) live in open country, e.g. sheep pasture; hence their visual surroundings are simple and coarsely structured. Blue bottles (Calliphora spec.) live in shrubland at forest edges or even within not too dense forests (Colyer and Hammond 1968). Their habitat is characterized by many obstacles to be circumvented. The visual surroundings are richly by structured and the global features of sky and ground are often masked by vegetation. Blowflies (Fam. Calliphoridae), in general, have thus to be able to manoever artistically through unknown and very complex surroundings, i.e. to perceive quickly and reliably their motions in space in order to control their flight attitude and flight trajectory as required. To facilitate this perceptual task, flies stabilize the orientation of their eyes, relative to the surroundings, against voluntary and unexpected rotations of their body (Hengstenberg 1991 and this volume). 2. Motion in space and optical flow patterns: Flies have, like other animals, a preferred body posture when walking an the ground and a similar attitude when flying through still air: the body axis is more or less horizontal and the back is directed upwards (Fig. la). Flying insects have, in principle, all six degrees of freedom to move in space: they can translate along their body axes (lift, side-slip, thrust) and rotate about these axes (yaw, pitch, roll; Fig. 1 a) or perform certain combinations of these motions." @default.
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• W760052941 date "1998-01-01" @default.
• W760052941 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W760052941 title "Visual sensation of self-motion in the blowfly Calliphora." @default.
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