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• W762485897 abstract "ABSTRACTThousands of juveniles are currently confined with adults in detention and correctional facilities throughout the United States. Juveniles confined in adult facilities face grave dangers to their safety and well-being, including significantly higher rates of physical assault, sexual abuse, and suicide than their counterparts in juvenile facilities. These dangers and other conditions of juvenile confinement with adults give rise to concerns of constitutional dimension. In its Eighth Amendment jurisprudence, the United States Supreme Court has created categorical rules prohibiting the imposition of certain punishments on entire categories of offenders as cruel and unusual punishment. The Court's 2010 decision in Graham v. Florida, in which it held that a sentence of life in prison without the possibility of parole violates the Eighth Amendment when applied to juveniles convicted of nonhomicide offenses, and its 2012 decision in Miller v. Alabama, in which it held that mandatory life-without-parole sentencing schemes violate the Eighth Amendment when applied to juveniles, open the door to challenge the constitutionality of the confinement of juveniles with adults.INTRODUCTIONStanding at 5'2 and weighing 125 pounds, Rodney Hulin entered a Texas state prison at the age of 16 after being convicted of second-degree arson.1 Rodney had set a neighborhood dumpster on fire, which resulted in less than $500 worth of property damage.2 Almost immediately after entering prison, Rodney was raped by another prisoner.3 Although he begged to be moved out of the general population, Rodney was returned to the same unit after receiving medical treatment for the first rape.4 As he continued to be beaten, raped, and forced to perform oral sex on other prisoners, he repeatedly requested transfer out of the general population.5 On one occasion, he wrote a prison official: I'm afraid to go to sleep, to shower or just about anything else. I am afraid that when I am doing these things, I might die at any time. Please, sir, help me.6 After seventy-five days in prison, Rodney hanged himself in his cell.7Throughout the United States, thousands of juveniles8 are confined with adults in adult facilities, which include jails9 and prisons,10 rather than in juvenile facilities, which have been designed and designated for juveniles.11 Rodney's experiences highlight some of the dangers faced by juveniles confined with adults. Juveniles, who continue to develop cognitively, emotionally, and physically, are especially harmed by confinement with adults.12 Juveniles confined in adult facilities, which are not designed to meet the special needs of juveniles and are generally staffed by individuals who have not been trained to work with juvenile populations, have less access to rehabilitative programming and educational services than their counterparts confined in juvenile facilities.13Adult inmates pose some of the greatest risks to juveniles held in adult facilities. In an adult facility, a juvenile faces a far greater risk of harm, including physical and sexual assault, than a juvenile housed in a juvenile facility.14 While adult facilities in some states separate juveniles from adult inmates, many do not.15 Children as young as thirteen may be held alongside adult offenders.16 This Comment argues that confining children under the age of eighteen with adults violates the Eighth Amendment17 to the United States Constitution.18In one strand of its Eighth Amendment jurisprudence, the Supreme Court has established categorical rules banning certain sentencing practices for particular offenders or offenses.19 Prior to its decision in Graham v. Florida, the Court had only established categorical rules prohibiting the imposition of the death penalty on either certain offenders20 or for certain offenses.21 In these decisions, the Court analyzed whether a national consensus existed against applying the death penalty to the categories of offenders or offenses under consideration and then exercised independent judicial discretion to assess whether the death penalty was cruel and unusual in each circumstance. …" @default.
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• W762485897 date "2012-09-01" @default.
• W762485897 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W762485897 title "Cruel and Unusual Punishment: Confining Juveniles with Adults After Graham and Miller" @default.
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