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- W764175041 abstract "IntroductionStudy of social policy has long been influenced by Esping-Anderson (1982) formulation, that social welfare is typified into three groups. Using the degree by which people are shield -off? or protection from negative impact of the market, Esping-Anderson classified social welfare into three type, the highest level of protection which is characterized as the state welfare, the middle level of protection which the state and the market play the lead role providing security, and the lowest level of protection where security of people are entirely relied on the market provision. However, there has been increasingly argued that Esping-Anderson formulation does not compatible with the types of welfare regimes of the developing worlds. Woods see the welfare regime is dominated by informal security regime?, while Bevan (2004) argue that in a number of developing and underdeveloped countries, the insecurity regimes? is the dominant type of welfare regime. In case of Thailand, the welfare regime can be classified as productivist? welfare regime. This is primarily due to the long-time continual high rate of economic growth of Thailand, especially during the 1970s and 1990s. The welfare regime of Thailand is thus shapped by production? side, effort of the state was laid emphasis on production, and high rate of economic growth is presumed to result in wellbeing of the citizens.Although the productivist model may offer way of understanding welfare and social policy of Thailand at aggregated level, this idea contains one important weakness. This is particularly due to the fact that the economic growth of Thailand is unevenly by nature (Pawnwell; 1995). Growth has been accentuated around Bangkok Methropolitant. Income gap has been large. In this light, the productivist welfare regime can be relevant and explained only section of Thai society, especially the section that benefits economic growth. The populations of Thailand living outside Bangkok Metropolis, particularly those who earn their living from agriculture in rural areas are sustaining their living differently.From the past few years, the political landscapes of welfare and social policy of the western worlds have changed significantly, due to waves of economic crisis. In this context, social policies of macro level are focusing on rescueing the system rather than developing new options for better life of the citizens. Meanwhile there has been evolving small-scale of actions or coping strategies (Ewert and Evers 2014; 1) that are diverse in forms and localtions. This move is also relervant to the developing countries, including Thailand, in that under the limitation of macro social policies, there has been diverse forms of straties?. Frequently, these forms of copping strategies are refered to, in Thailand, as alternative welfare?.Khon Kaen: Local Landscape of Social Policy and WelfareKhon Kaen was assigned to be the Regional Capital City? of the Northeast of Thailand from the inception of modern development in the early 1960s. As a result, Khon Kaen became the centre of government services. At present there are more than 484 government agencies of the central government located in Khon Kaen. Khon Kaen has recently been the medical centre and education centre (Khon Kaen Provincial Office, 2013). In the past 2 decades, factories and businesses have grown around Khon Kaen Town, partly due to the growth pole policy in which major towns of the regions were promoted to become regional industrial centre. In 2013, Khon Kaen houses 4,131 factories, employing over 66,000 labourers. The population of Khon Kaen is currently about 1.9 million. In 2010, the official statistics states that Gross Provincial Product (GPP) from agriculture is slightly above 20,000 million Baht, representing roughtly about 13 percent of the total, while GPP of non-agriculture is above 135,000 million representing about 87 percent of the total GPP. …" @default.
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- W764175041 date "2014-09-01" @default.
- W764175041 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
- W764175041 title "Alternative Welfare in Rural Thailand: A Case Study of Khon Kaen Province" @default.
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