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• W765030466 abstract "On Nez Perce Nouns with Irregular Metrical Behavior or “Why ‘Grizzly Bear‘ Has Horrible Stress” Harold Crook, UCLA‘ 1. Introduction. Stress plays an important role in speech production and recognition. Pronounce a word with non-standard stress placement, and native speakers look at you quizzically until they at last understand. Then they immediately repeat the word with the “correct” stress. Stress location must therefore be predictable (i.e., governed by regular rules) or be lexical, so that native speakers share knowledge of its location in any given word. The disadvantages of lexical stress are that one will not know how to stress neologisms and that if secondary, ternary and possibly other levels of stress are factored in, a very great deal of information would need to be stored. Lexical stress usually also results in some forms that are incongnient with principles of rhythm. As Hayes (1995) argues and makes clear with abundant illustration, the stress systems of a vast proportion of the world’s languages are ultimately based upon rhythmic fundamentals that probably are at some level part of general human cognition. In Nez Perce, by far the majority of nouns obey regular principles of stress assignment Nevertheless, there is a considerable residue of nouns with unpredictable stress under some or all grammatical inflections. This paper explores that residue for patterns that may help to explain their existence, at least in part. Only main stress assignment will be considered, since stress at lower levels follows regular principles. This is consistent with what is seen crossplinguistically. While a number of languages have lexical primary stress for some or all of their words, in most cases, regular principles derive stress at the lower levels. I begin with an account of regular stress placement so that the nature of irregular nouns can be appreciated. The nouns with irregular stress are then treated, grouped by their various commonalties. A final section discusses some possible conclusions. I have restricted the scope of the discussion to nouns because the morphological issues involved with Nez Perce verbs are too complex for treatment in a paper of this size. The sources from which 1 have collected irregular nouns are Aoki (1970), Aoki (1979), Aoki (1994), Aoki and Walker (1989), Rude (1985), and my own field notes. 2. Regular stress assignment. Regular principles govern the assignment of stress in most words (2.1). Words with final consonant clusters (2.2.) or vowel reduction (?..3.) create extra complications, but ultimately fit into patterns of regularity as well. Optimality Theory provides a formal means of examining the interaction of principles of the grammar (2.4). Morphological factors must also be taken into account (2.5.). ‘Theamhorwishesto expresshisapprecietionto hisNezPereeteacheisMr.I-ioraceAxtell and the lateMr. ElmerPaul.tohis advisorsPamelaMunro and Dome Steriade, totheparticipantsoftheUCLA Amerian Indian Languages Seminar, and to the participants of the I994 I-Iokan-Penutian Conference. Errors are of course entirely the author&#39;s responsibility." @default.
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• W765030466 title "On Nez Perce Nouns with Irregular Metrical Behavior or Why 'Grizzly Bears' Has Horrible Stress" @default.
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