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• W767570912 abstract "Richard Dawkins first defined the meme in his 1976 book The Selfish Gene. Meme designated a of cultural transmission, or a unit of cultural imitation.... Tunes, ideas, catch-phrases, clothes fashions, ways of making pots or of building arches are all examples of memes (Dawkins 2006:192).' The word meme itself was immediately seized upon by scholars and layman alike. Within ten years of its coinage, it was included in the Oxford English Dictionary. The adjectives memic and memetic are listed as well, but strangely there is no entry in the great dictionary for memetics-the science of memes-despite a significant literature devoted to the subject. What I am interested in exploring here is what the idea of memes and the science of memetics might contribute to the field of folkloristics.Because the concept of a meme was created by Dawkins as an analogy to a gene, it is important to understand something of the biological perspective from which memes and memetics derive. Richard Dawkins argued that even before the emergence of life on this planet, there must have a primeval soup made of water, carbon dioxide, methane, and ammonia, which in the presence of lightning, sunlight, or some other energy source produced molecules of a more complex nature. Indeed, such organic molecules-purines, pyrimidines, amino acids-have been produced under laboratory conditions. Today, such organic molecules would be broken down by bacteria, but then bacteria had not yet been created. Eventually, a molecule came about that had an unusual property: it was capable of copying itself. This possibility of self-copying is not as bizarre as it might seem. It is only necessary to imagine a chain of molecules, each section of which attracts some other particular molecule. Should that complementary chain of molecules split from A, the new chain of molecules B could in turn attract its complementary molecules, thereby reproducing the original chain A.2 The number of self-reproducing molecules would likely grow in relation to all other molecules in the primeval soup because the formation of other complex molecules is only a hit-and-miss affair. Self-copying molecules, once they get started, take over. The formation of these complex molecules is no longer a matter of chance chemical encounters.Dawkins terms such self-copying molecules replicators. But in any type of copying, errors inevitably occur. Some of these miscopies would reproduce and eventually there would be several varieties of replicators in the primeval soup. And some of these varieties would be more stable-less prone to break apart-than others and thus become more numerous in the soup. Such replicators of high longevity would become dominant because they would have more time to make copies of themselves. Molecules that reproduced themselves with greater frequency-that had greater fecundity-would also come to be more numerous than those with lesser rates of reproduction. In the course of time, molecules with even higher longevity and fecundity would emerge and thus there would be an evolutionary trend towards higher longevity and fecundity. In Darwinian terms, nature would select molecules for their greater longevity and fecundity. Another trait nature would have selected for is copying fidelity or Inevitability. A molecule that makes a copying mistake every thousandth generation would become more numerous than a molecule that makes a copying mistake every tenth generation even if they are equally long-lived and fecund (Dawkins 2006:14-18). Copying errors, however, are essential to evolution. Without copying errors, no new forms would emerge. Evolution-Darwinian evolution-depends on both faithful and unfaithful replication (Allen 1983:88).The primeval soup was not capable of supporting all the replicator molecules. There would have been competition for resources and some replicators would have succeeded at the expense of others. Some replicators would have figured out how to chemically break down other replicators and use their component molecules for their own replication. …" @default.
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• W767570912 date "2014-10-01" @default.
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• W767570912 title "Memetics and Folkloristics: The Theory" @default.
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