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• W76767510 abstract "INTRODUCTION IT IS GENERALLY ACCEPTED that most women experience at least some of the symptoms of Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS). Symptoms identified by psychologists and doctors in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) include depression, anxiety, emotional sensitivity, irritability, apathy, lethargy or fatigue, increase in appetite and food cravings, insomnia, and a sense of being overwhelmed. There is also a long list of physical symptoms related to PMS-cramps, bloating, breast tenderness, weight gain, and joint and muscle pain. Additionally, it has long been accepted anecdotally that many female singers also experience a variety of difficulties specifically related to their singing while suffering from PMS. European opera houses have offered female singers days on the day prior to and the first day of menses, a practice that has not found currency in the United States. Perhaps a belief has arisen from a variety of sources that difficulties in singing at this time are imagined rather than real. Perhaps the women's movement in America, partially denying fundamental physical differences between men and women, has led female vocalists to believe that they should push through this time period in an effort to not show weakness or differences from their male counterparts. Both of the preceding causes are alluded to by anthropologist Alma Gottlieb in her article on American PMS.1 Perhaps the American belief is that the symptoms are not severe or interruptive enough to address professionally. A possible explanation for the lack of deference the American opera industry has given to women during PMS may be the financial crunches experienced by opera companies that preclude their being able to honor grace days. In addition to financial constraints, the American opera system, with its reliance on the use of guest artists, does not allow for the use of alternate performers or a permanent staff of performing artists who could cover for one another in the case of vocal issues or illness. Whatever the reason, the issue of compromised laryngeal functioning as it relates to PMS has received little attention in America. Nonetheless, it is undeniable that some women acknowledge a variety of physical complaints associated with the onset of menses. Singers and other voice professionals, naturally being more in tune with their voice and vocal function, may notice additional premenstrual symptoms that would not necessarily be identified by individuals without voice training. It is conceivable that if changes taking place hormonally during this time period are affecting tissues throughout the body, the larynx would also be affected. Researchers have begun to recognize that for female professional voice users, there may be special problems during the premenstrual phase and voice complaints that are usually not psychogenic or anxiety-related.2 Historical research also supports the existence of legitimate vocal complaints related to menses. One of the first professional female singers, Caterina Gabrielli, is believed to have suffered from PMS to the extent that she cancelled performances because of her symptoms.3 Based on her personal diaries, researchers now also believe Maria Callas suffered vocal dysphonia because of her menstrual cycle.4 Therefore, since both historical and scientific research is now beginning to confirm what many female singers claim to experience, singers and pedagogues alike should become more aware of this issue so that it can be properly dealt with on the stage and in the studio. More research on this subject is needed in order to equip pedagogues and physicians with additional information and pertinent strategies for helping students and patients deal with the symptoms of PMS affecting their singing. THE STUDIES Reduced laryngeal functioning is a reality for certain women to the extent that researchers have now given it an official name: Premenstrual Voice Syndrome (PMVS). …" @default.
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• W76767510 date "2010-09-01" @default.
• W76767510 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W76767510 title "Premenstrual Syndrome and Its Effects on Laryngeal Functionality: An Approach for Singers and Pedagogues" @default.
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