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• W771497503 abstract "In a letter of April 1908, William Hale White explained to Dorothy Horace-Smith, soon to become his second wife, that it was essentially a 'religious world' in which he had lived, not 'the world of clever critics, or of literature or art for its own sake'.1 Although he made many contributions to literature, White continually situates himself in opposition to, or at least outside of a literary world, and usually alludes to literary criticism and its practitioners with disdain: T have seldom found brilliant critical essays of much use to me', he writes (characteristically) in a paper on Dickens.2 He dismisses negative reviews of Carlyle's later writing as 'criticism, so called' (PJ, 2)3 and deplores 'the critical measuring attitude towards great men' he finds in contemporary criticism.4 'Literary, clever people' of the 'cultivated class' arouse his suspicion (LTF, 276; PJ, 343).Yet, especially in the latter years of his life when retirement from the Admiralty in 1892 allowed him more leisure, White was a meticulous literary scholar and an astute critic. His letters, notebooks, and recorded conversations all testify to a mind immersed in and reflecting upon literature. In one late notebook alone he offers critical commentary on his current reading, which includes Milton, Bunyan, the Romantic poets, eighteenth-century novelists, Greek dramatists and philosophers, and numerous other writers.5 In addition to short critical pieces, during these years White wrote A Description of the Wordsworth & Coleridge Manuscripts in the Possession of Mr. T. Norton Longman (1897), and An Examination of the Charge of Apostasy against Wordsworth (1898). These works were followed by a Preface to some of Coleridge's poems in 1899; a biography of Bunyan in 1905; and, in 1907, an edition of Selections from Dr. Johnson's 'Rambler', as well as an introduction to a new edition of Carlyle's Life of John Sterling. While these later works were, as Michael Brealey aptly notes, 'acts of homage to figures he admired',6 they also, along with the scattered comments in letters, notebooks, and occasional pieces clearly foreground Hale White's perspective as a literary critic. The qualities and attributes he sought in literature are, I would argue, inseparable from what he calls the 'religious world', a world he ostensibly abandoned after his expulsion from New College for 'heresy'.In part because White does not make a major contribution to scholarship with these late works, there is little sustained comment on him as a literary critic. While various scholars have commented either on White's style or his 'Last Writings', I think there is still more to be said about his critical perspective.71 wish to focus here on four central points that I think constitute for him the function of criticism: the mediating role of the critic; the affirmative nature of criticism; the value of literature which presents ordinary human experience; and the necessity of critical reinterpretation.First, White was unequivocal about the role of the critic. When criticized for his own method of extensive quotation in his biography of Bunyan ('Complaint has been made that I have given too much of Bunyan and too little of myself [LTF, 127]), White argues that the critic's task is to illuminate the work and 'stimulate people to read' the author (PJ, 313), rather than 'use' him either as 'a peg' on which to hang a theory (LTF, 127) or as an opportunity for 'cleverness' and selfdisplay.8His criticism is also often reactive and defensive. White deliberately presents, with a view to correction and re-evaluation, works that he feels have suffered from what, in An Examination of the Charge of Apostasy against Wordsworth, he calls 'cursory inspection'.9 In this piece, for example, White notes that he has quoted passages from Wordsworth 'in such a way as to let him defend himself from limiting contemporary judgments ('Advertisement'); Byron is similarly rescued, in a piece on 'Byron, Goethe, and Mr. …" @default.
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• W771497503 date "2013-01-01" @default.
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• W771497503 title "William Hale White and Literary Interpretation" @default.
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