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• W77162574 abstract "The implementation strategy for health for all (HFA) in China is presented as a targeted effort toward the rural population which makes up 900 million of the total 1160 million population. The WHO objective of HFA by 2000 was accepted by China in 1983 and 1986. Socioeconomic development has improved considerably since 1949. Targets were established 1) to double the 1980 gross national product (GNP) and guarantee food, clothing, and shelter between 1981 and 1990; 2) to quadruple the 1980 GNP between 1991 and 2000, and 3) to attain the average income per capita of medium-developed countries. The political system is the Communist Party of China (CPC). The Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, which is comprised of members of the CPC and other individuals from democratic and other organizations, fills an advisory role. The National People's Congress is the highest organ of state power and serves to legislate, supervise, and make decisions in some matters including personnel. The Standing Committee exercises state power when the Congress is not in session. It is a 1-chamber system (state administration, judicial system, and chamber system) and members of the People's Congress do not resign. Since 1949, the health system has grown to 209,000 medical and health institutions, 2.6 million hospital beds, 4.9 million medical and health workers, an average life expectancy that has increased from 35 years to 69 years, an infant mortality rate that has declined from 20% to 5.1% from 20%, and a maternal mortality that has declined from 150/10,000 to 9.4/10,000. Diseases such as cholera and smallpox have been eliminated and other diseases such as malaria and goiter have been brought under control. A cooperative medical and health care system which was established in the 1960s was replaced with a fee system in the 1980s, which has led to medical care problems for the rural poor. At present there is a rural medical insurance system and a cooperative health system with 3 tiers (health clinic, township hospital, and county professional hospitals). In 1990, there were village clinics in 87% of the villages. In 1990, central government and local management are implementing the objectives stated in 1) Program Objectives of Global Goals for Health by 2000 in Rural Areas, 2) Management Procedures for Primary Health Care, and 3) Evaluation Standards of Health for All by 2000. Implementation began in 1989-90, and stage 2 is to begin in 1991-95, and stage 3 in 1996-2000. The problems that will be encountered are investment, population growth, and personnel training." @default.
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• W77162574 date "1992-06-01" @default.
• W77162574 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W77162574 title "The rural health care system in China." @default.
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