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• W771633336 abstract "Comparisons have been made along five modern hydrographic sections againsthistorical hydro graphic data to investigate water mass changes in the North andSouth Pacific oceans. The five modern hydrographic sections were sampled inthe decade 1985-94, while the historical data were mostly from the late 1960s.Below the seasonal mixed layer, statistically significant temporal differences intemperature and salinity have been detected in the water masses that occur inthe top 2000 dbar of the water column. These differences in water mass propertiesare assumed to result from sea surface changes at the formation regions.Of all the water mass changes, the most spatially coherent ones come fromthe shallow salinity maxima of North Pacific Subtropical Water (NPSTW) andSouth Pacific Subtropical Water (SPSTW), and the intermediate salinity minimaof North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) and Antarctic Intermediate Water(AAIW). The two shallow salinity maxima, NPSTW and SPSTW, have shownsigns of salinity increase, while the two intermediate salinity minima, NPIW andAAIW, have become fresher and, except along l 7°S, have become warmer. SinceNPSTW and SPSTW originate under the high evaporative cells of the subtropicalNorth and South Pacific, and NPIW and AAIW acquire their properties nearthe polar gyres, these changes in the ocean interior imply an increase in netevaporation over the mid-latitudes, and an increase in net precipitation over thehigh-latitudes in both hemispheres. Together these results imply a strengtheningof the hydrological cycle over the North and South Pacific oceans.Outputs from a coupled climate model show that under increasing atmosphericC02 , the model ocean responds with a warming of the water column in the top300 dbar. Superimposed on this background warming trend is a decrease in salinityin the two intermediate salinity minima of the Pacific (NPIW and AAIW), andcorresponds to near-surface freshening where their respective isopycnals outcrop.Hence the freshening signature that has been detected in NPIW and AAIW fromobservational data is qualitatively consistent with this climate model's responseto increasing C02 • However, natural variability cannot be discarded as a possiblecause for the observed changes.The steric sea level change for the area in the Pacific between 60°N and 31.5°Sover the roughly 20-year study period is estimated to be a rise of 0.85 mm/yr.This is larger than that estimated by numerical models, and so demonstratesthe usefulness of observational studies such as this in testing the effectiveness ofnumerical models in simulating the natural variability of the climate system." @default.
• W771633336 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W771633336 creator A5056362192 @default.
• W771633336 date "1999-01-01" @default.
• W771633336 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W771633336 title "Water mass changes in the North and South Pacific Oceans between the 1960s and 1985-94" @default.
• W771633336 hasPublicationYear "1999" @default.
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