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• W77754963 abstract "No AccessJournal of Urology1 Feb 1989A Histochemical and Immunohistochemical Study of the Autonomic Innervation of the Lower Urinary Tract of the Female Pig. Is The Pig a Good Model for the Human Bladder and Urethra? R. Crowe, and G. Burnstock R. CroweR. Crowe More articles by this author , and G. BurnstockG. Burnstock More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)40785-3AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail The detrusor muscle, bladder neck, proximal, middle and distal regions of the urethra of the female pig were studied by histochemical and immunohistochemical methods to localize catecholamine-containing, acetylcholinesterase-positive and peptide-containing nerves. The peptides examined included: vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, substance P, somatostatin, [Met] enkephalin, bombesin and gastrin. The greatest density of nerves was found in the smooth muscle of the distal urethra, followed by the bladder neck, middle urethra, and proximal urethra, with the least in the detrusor muscle. The greatest number of nerve fibres stained for acetylcholinesterase, followed by vasoactive intestinal polypeptide- and catecholamine-containing fibres. Substance P-immunoreactive nerve fibres were confined to the bladder neck and distal urethral regions. [Met] enkephalin- and gastrin-immunoreactive nerves were most dense in the distal urethra but absent in detrusor muscle, while somatostatin-immunoreactive nerve fibres were sparsely distributed throughout the lower urinary tract. No nerve fibres showing immunoreactivity to bombesin were found. Catecholamine-containing, acetylcholinesterase-positive, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-, substance P-, [Met] enkephalin- and gastrin-immunoreactive nerves were also found on the adventitial-medial border of blood vessels in the pig urinary tract. In the intrinsic external urethral sphincter, located in the distal urethra, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide- and gastrin-immunoreactive nerve fibres were found bordering a small number of individual striated muscle fibres, while catecholamine-containing nerves were found predominantly in the connective tissue surrounding the striated muscle fibres. Dense populations of acetylcholinesterase-positive nerve fibres were found associated with the striated muscle fibres, with end plates on some of them. Intramural ganglia, composed of two to 30 neurones, were found in the bladder neck and middle and distal regions of the urethra. In the smooth muscle, and in the vicinity of the striated muscle regions of the intrinsic external urethral sphincter, there were small ganglia, containing two to three neurones, which were vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-, [Met]enkephalin- and somatostatin-immunoreactive. The results are compared to the autonomic innervation of the human bladder and urethra as previously described and it is concluded that the lower urinary tract of the pig is a good model for some features of the lower urinary tract of man, but a poor model for others. © 1989 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByWilliams N, Barnard L, Allender C, Bowen J, Gumbleton M, Harrah T, Raja A and Joshi H (2018) Evidence of Nonuniformity in Urothelium Barrier Function between the Upper Urinary Tract and BladderJournal of Urology, VOL. 195, NO. 3, (763-770), Online publication date: 1-Mar-2016.OLSEN L, DALMOSE A, SWINDLE M, DJURHUUS J and JØRGENSEN T (2018) MALE FETAL PIG LOWER URINARY TRACT FUNCTION. PART II: FREE VOIDING PATTERN CLOSE TO TERM AND IN THE NEWBORNJournal of Urology, VOL. 171, NO. 6 Part 2, (2660-2663), Online publication date: 1-Jun-2004.KUMAR V, CHAPPLE C and CHESS-WILLIAMS R (2018) CHARACTERISTICS OF ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATASE RELEASE FROM PORCINE AND HUMAN NORMAL BLADDERJournal of Urology, VOL. 172, NO. 2, (744-747), Online publication date: 1-Aug-2004.Abdel-Karim A, Abdel-Gawad M, Huynh H and Elhilali M (2018) Modulation of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I System of The Bladder Using a Somatostatin Analogue in Chronic Spinalized RatsJournal of Urology, VOL. 168, NO. 3, (1253-1258), Online publication date: 1-Sep-2002.DASS N, MCMURRAY G, GREENLAND J and BRADING A (2018) MORPHOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE FEMALE PIG BLADDER NECK AND URETHRA: QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS USING COMPUTER ASSISTED 3-DIMENSIONAL RECONSTRUCTIONSJournal of Urology, VOL. 165, NO. 4, (1294-1299), Online publication date: 1-Apr-2001.MILLS I, NOBLE J and BRADING A (2018) RADIOTELEMETERED CYSTOMETRY IN PIGS: VALIDATION AND COMPARISON OF NATURAL FILLING VERSUS DIURESIS CYSTOMETRYJournal of Urology, VOL. 164, NO. 5, (1745-1750), Online publication date: 1-Nov-2000.DORSCHNER W, BIESOLD M, SCHMIDT F and STOLZENBURG J (2018) THE DISPUTE ABOUT THE EXTERNAL SPHINCTER AND THE UROGENITAL DIAPHRAGMJournal of Urology, VOL. 162, NO. 6, (1942-1945), Online publication date: 1-Dec-1999.Crowe R, Vale J, Trott K, Soediono P, Robson T and Burnstock G (2018) Radiation-Induced Changes in Neuropeptides in the Rat Urinary BladderJournal of Urology, VOL. 156, NO. 6, (2062-2066), Online publication date: 1-Dec-1996.Crowe R, Noble J, Robson T, Soediono P, Milroy E and Burnstock G (2018) An Increase of Neuropeptide Y But Not Nitric Oxide Synthase-Immunoreactive Nerves in the Bladder Neck from Male Patients with Bladder Neck DyssynergiaJournal of Urology, VOL. 154, NO. 3, (1231-1236), Online publication date: 1-Sep-1995.Constantinou C and Freiha F (2018) Impact of Radical Prostatectomy on the Characteristics of Bladder and UrethraJournal of Urology, VOL. 148, NO. 4, (1215-1219), Online publication date: 1-Oct-1992.Crowe R, Moss H, Chapple C, Light J and Burnstock G (2018) Patients with Lower Motor Spinal Cord Lesion: A Decrease of Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide, Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide and Substance P, but not Neuropeptide Y and Somatostatin-Immunoreactive Nerves in the Detrusor Muscle of the BladderJournal of Urology, VOL. 145, NO. 3, (600-604), Online publication date: 1-Mar-1991. Volume 141Issue 2February 1989Page: 414-422 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1989 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information R. Crowe More articles by this author G. Burnstock More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ..." @default.
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• W77754963 title "A Histochemical and Immunohistochemical Study of the Autonomic Innervation of the Lower Urinary Tract of the Female Pig. Is The Pig a Good Model for the Human Bladder and Urethra?" @default.
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