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- W77796523 abstract "Criteria are presented on how to discriminate a debris avalanche deposit from other volcaniclastic formations. A debris avalanche deposit is morphologically characterized by hummocky topography and may be steep-sided cliffs at the distal and lateral edges. The source area of the debris avalanche is characterized by a horseshoe-shaped crater. Additional evidence to identify a deposit as a debris avalanche is the presence of block facies and matrix facies. Block facies consists of coherent, unconsolidated or poorly consolidated fragments of a volcanic body which commonly preserve their internal stratifications and/or intrusive contacts. Conjugate fractures develop within block facies that originates from massive and compact igneous bodies. A matrix facies is made of a mixture of various kinds of volcanic clasts derived from various parts of a source volcano. Patches of soil, stream gravels and pieces of wood may be picked up during transportation. Lahar (mud flow and debris flow) deposits have textures and internal structures similar to the matrix facies of a debris avalanche deposit. Lahar deposits do not contain debris avalanche blocks. Large boulders within a lahar deposit are generally surrounded by finer-grained material. Boulders concentrate towards the upper surface of the deposit, forming reverse grading. No steep cliff forms at the distal and lateral edges of a lahar. The surface of a nuée ardente deposit undulates more regularly than that of a debris avalanche deposit. The slope angle of undulation is not so steep as in the case of a debris avalanche deposit. Shrinkage cracks are developed on the surface of juvenile fragments. Glacial moraines show occasionally hummocky topography similar to that of debris avalanche deposits. However, no fractured blocks are contained within moraines. Striations and grooves are common on the surface of the larger clasts within a moraine." @default.
- W77796523 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W77796523 date "1989-01-01" @default.
- W77796523 modified "2023-09-30" @default.
- W77796523 title "Discrimination Between Debris Avalanches and Other Volcaniclastic Deposits" @default.
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- W77796523 doi "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73759-6_13" @default.
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