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• W77820983 abstract "Braking and acceleration expose car passengers to complex fore-and-aft and pitch motions thatcan cause carsickness, with the effect depending on the visual scene. Previous studies in variousmotion environments have suggested that external viewing reduces motion sickness relative tointernal viewing or wearing a blindfold however the influences of motion and vision on motionsickness are thought to be interactive. The types of motion for which a visual scene can and cannotmodify sickness are yet to be established. The aim of this research was to advance understandingof the effect of the visual scene on motion sickness caused by fore-and-aft oscillation,combinations of fore-and-aft and pitch oscillation, and pitch oscillations.The first experiment investigated the effect of the visual scene on motion sickness caused by lowfrequency low magnitude fore-and-aft oscillation. Six groups of 20 subjects experienced one of sixvisual scenes: an internal view of shapes; an external view of shapes; an external view ofhorizontal lines; a ‘real’ three-dimensional external view; no view (blindfolded); or an internalcollimated view of shapes. Variations in the visual scene had no significant effect on motionsickness caused by 0.1 Hz fore-and-aft oscillation with an acceleration magnitude of 0.89 ms-2r.m.s. The absence of an influence of vision differs from the effects of the visual scene on motionsickness in cars and coaches and suggested that carsickness is not solely caused by lowfrequency fore-and-aft acceleration.In a second experiment, six groups of 20 subjects were exposed to 0.1 Hz fore-and-aft oscillationcombined with 0.1 Hz pitch oscillation with a peak pitch displacement of 3.69°. For three groups ofsubjects, the pitch displacement was 180° out-of-phase with the fore-and-aft displacement, suchthat the resultant peak acceleration acting on subjects in the fore-and-aft direction was 1.89 ms-2.The other three groups of subjects experienced the same fore-and-aft and pitch oscillations, butpresented out-of-phase so that the peak fore-and-aft acceleration of ±1.26 ms-2 r.m.s. was partiallyoffset by the pitch displacement of ±3.69°. Each subject experienced one of three viewingconditions from the first experiment: internal, blindfolded or external. The visual scene influencedthe motion sickness caused by combined fore-and-aft and pitch oscillation regardless of whetherpitch motion was in-phase or out-of-phase with the fore-and-aft motion: there was less sicknesswith an external forward view than with either an internal view or a blindfold. The effect of thephase between the fore-and-aft and pitch motion depended on the visual scene: the phaseinfluenced motion sickness with a blindfold and with internal viewing but not with external viewing.The effect of internal, blindfold and external viewing on motion sickness caused by 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4Hz pitch oscillation was investigated in a third experiment with 180 subjects, 20 subjects in 9conditions. The visual scene influenced motion sickness similarly with 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4 Hz pitchoscillation: external viewing reduced motion sickness relative to internal viewing. There was nosignificant effect of pitch oscillation frequency.Experimental results suggest that there is no effect of the visual scene on motion sickness causedby fore-and-aft oscillation but the visual scene is influential when pitch motion is part or all of themotion stimulus. The effect of the visual scene on motion sickness cannot be predicted withoutspecifying the motion stimulus causing sickness. Unlike previous models of motion sickness, aconceptual model is suggested in which the expected visual signal is defined for a given vestibularinput. The model predicts that external viewing reduces motion sickness relative to internal orblindfolded conditions when sickness is caused by motions inclusive of pitch oscillation. Modelpredictions for the effect of the visual scene on motion sickness caused by other directions ofoscillation are considered." @default.
• W77820983 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W77820983 creator A5040044822 @default.
• W77820983 date "2008-03-01" @default.
• W77820983 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W77820983 title "Motion sickness with fore-and-aft and pitch oscillation : effect of the visual scene" @default.
• W77820983 hasPublicationYear "2008" @default.
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