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- W778821796 abstract "This first part of this chapter describes how the United Kingdom actually has an extensive system of voluntarily created and maintained road, but actions taken by various kings and then by parliaments changed the effective property rights arrangement and also undermined the incentives need to maintain the system. The state was then forced to step in, crating a system of “public,” (i.e., common-pool) highways. The voluntary non-governmental provision of early roads and highways in the United Kingdom is described in Section II of this chapter. The actions taken by the state that undermined this arrangement, consisting of a mix of club goods and private goods are also considered in this section. The third section of this chapter considers the rise and fall of an alternative private arrangement that developed as a consequence of the breakdown in the voluntary system; the turnpike trusts and their toll roads. Despite the initial success and widespread use, the political manipulation of trusts and their tolls (e.g., mandating that trusts could not earn profits, preventing competition, granting exemptions to tolls for some groups, setting excessive tolls for others) led to significant inefficiencies within this system and its ultimate demise, as demonstrated in Section III. The fourth section of the chapter describes some conclusions." @default.
- W778821796 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W778821796 date "2006-01-01" @default.
- W778821796 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W778821796 title "The Rise and Fall of Non-Government Roads in the United Kingdom" @default.
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