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• W784106520 abstract "Notwithstanding its significance as a communicative apparatus tor social interaction, the general mechanism of politeness has been less clear partly because a wide variety of realization patterns of politeness strategies exist across cultures and languages. Researchers who are sensitive to the cultural and linguistic diversities of communication styles have claimed that politeness varies in its conceptualization and practices across cultures and languages, whereas linguists in pragmatics have assumed that politeness is a part of a universally rational communication system that operates in the same way for any language user. This study attempts to investigate the universal mechanism of politeness presumably built into any language system. At the same time, potential cross-cultural differences in values assigned to politeness are explored to determine what interferes with people's universal competence in perceiving politeness. In comparing native and nonnative speakers of English, people's judgments of politeness and other notions closely related to politeness were assessed for several speech act types in English. The results of the study strongly confirmed that native and non-native speakers of English are operating on a very similar inference mechanism in terms of negative politeness, and it is discussed that natural language users universally assess sentence politeness based on the pragmatic principles of negative-face concern to the hearer. However, cultural differences in the orientation to the positive aspect of politeness can seriously alter people's judgments of sentence politeness. Specifically, deference was found to be a universally important facet of politeness across cultures. However, while native speakers of English considered fnendliness to be a relatively more important aspect of politeness compared to formality, non-native speakers of English firom collectivistic cultiires such as Japan, China, and Korea perceived formality to be more important to politeness than friendliness. It was also found that conventionality of a sentence affected people's perception of sentence politeness, but not as much as perceived deference, formality, or friendliness of a" @default.
• W784106520 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W784106520 date "2001-01-01" @default.
• W784106520 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W784106520 title "Universals in perceived politeness: Comparison of native and non-native speakers of English" @default.
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