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- W78414175 abstract "The Internet is becoming a vital tool in today’s communication, information and data retrieval, as well as commerce. Its fast spreading, non affected even by the recent bubble burst, exceeds the rate of software and hardware development, and makes it harder for monitoring, measuring and understanding. In this work we investigate different aspects of the structural properties of the Internet, and suggest how to elevate some of our findings to comprise better application and routing layer services. First, we investigate the exact structure of general shortest path multicast trees in the Internet. We present a thorough investigation of the structure of multicast trees cut from the Internet and power-law topologies. Based on both generated topologies and real Internet data, we characterize the structure of such trees and show that they obey the rank-degree power law; that most high degree tree nodes are concentrated in a low diameter neighborhood; and that the sub-tree size also obeys a power law. Our most surprising empirical finding suggests that there is a linear ratio between the number of high-degree network nodes, namely nodes whose tree degree is higher than some constant, and the number of leaf nodes in the multicast tree (clients). We also derive this ratio analytically. Based on this finding, we develop the Fast Algorithm, that estimates the number of clients, and show that it converges faster than one round trip delay from the root to a randomly selected client. We leverage this finding in an application layer scheme for the dissemination of very popular content to a very large audience. The scheme uses an integrated architecture of HTTP unicast and a cyclic multicast delivery of the popular content, and relies on an accurate evaluation of the multicast group size. We also develop an additional end to end counting algorithm for this evaluation. We further investigate the tomography of multicast trees, and find that not only it conforms to the findings of the scale free properties of the tree, but also has the exact same characteristics as the Internet’s tomography. This finding deepens our understanding on the exact structure of multicast trees in the Internet, on a layer by layer basis. We conclude the work by investigating the nature of the resiliency of the Internet at the Autonomous System (AS) level to failures and attacks, under the real constraint of business agreements between the ASs. The agreements impose policies that govern routing in the AS level, and thus the resulting topology graph is directed, and does not maintain transitivity. We show, using partial views obtained from the Internet, that the Internet’s resiliency to a deliberate attack is much smaller than previously found. Its reachability is also somewhat lower under random failures, with the surprising result that it becomes closer to the optimum when the average degree of the Internet increases. We further investigate the effect of added backup connectivity on the resiliency." @default.
- W78414175 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W78414175 creator A5034395195 @default.
- W78414175 date "2003-01-01" @default.
- W78414175 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W78414175 title "Issues in Internet's Scalability: Structure and Applications" @default.
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