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• W78758323 abstract "The growth of tourism has affected other sectors of the economy both supplying goods to the industry and competing for resources. This can be seen in three basic ways: l)attraction of labor out of agriculture; 2) inflation of land values and land use changes; 3) creation of incentives for local producers to expand and diversify production. This study focuses on the role of agriculture as both a supplier of goods to tourism and in competition with tourism for the resources of land and labor. It was expected that due to constraints such as unsuitable soils and climate and lack of knowledge or funds, local subsistence farmers would not be strongly affected by tourism demand. Instead, the relatively fixed supply of foodstuffs would be re-distributed, with hotels having the greater buying power. Larger hotels in Puerto Plata were found to have different buying patterns than the smaller hotels of Sosua. Land value and land use changes were studied in the municipality of Sosua. There, land once zoned agricultural in sugarcane and cattle production has been zoned for tourism. Cattle farmers in the area are finding difficulty in hiring and keeping labor. Interviews with local workers indicate that tourism is not strongly attracting rural agricultural labor. Tourism and Agriculture Tourism in undeniably an important part of the Caribbean economy. To better understand the effect of tourism on local economic growth, many researchers have focused on the linkages with other sectors of the economy, one important sector being agriculture and food production. Studies have found that tourism can influence agriculture, most notably by This content downloaded from 157.55.39.104 on Mon, 20 Jun 2016 05:25:13 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 172 Andrea M. O'Ferral Revista Geografica 113 attracting labor out of agriculture, raising land values and altering land use, and creating a demand for agricultural products. This study addresses the phenomena of tourism's concurrent effect on agricultural demand and supply as well labor force and land use in the Puerto Plata province of the Dominican Republic. In terms of competition for labor, Jefferson (1972), found that some people would rather remain idle than work elsewhere for lower wages -most notably in agriculture. Bryden (1974), concluded that tourism, in direct competition for resources with other sectors of economy, attracted workers from, and to the detriment of agriculture. Others, such as Marshall (n.d.:1718), have argued that rural out-migration started before tourism became an attractive employment alternative. For many Caribbean nations competition for land is not a widespread problem, since much of the land used by tourist attractions is not valuable agricultural land. Although, specific studies concerning the impact of tourism and land values are few, it is generally accepted that the growth of tourist centers leads to inflated land values, thereby stimulating land speculation. The desire to produce locally the food inputs of the tourist sector makes good economic sense. However, many obstacles inhibit achieving the goal of self-sufficiency: natural conditions, such as the amount of arable land, the potential for local production of the types of foodstuffs demanded by hotels, availability and price of imports, efficiency of distribution mechanisms and overall government policies affecting these matters (de Kadt, 1979, p.39). Belisle (1983), presents a detailed list of factors affecting the lack of linkages between agriculture and tourism, including: a) imported food is cheaper than local food; b) hotels accept an opportunity cost to ensure superior quality and/or regularity of food supply since local food may be deficient (particularly hygienic quality); c) hotel entrepreneurs are not fully aware of the type and quantity of locally available food; d) farmers cannot increase their production; e) farmers lack information on the types and quantities of food needed by hotels; f) farmers or intermediaries are unreliable in terms of regularity of supply or fulfilling other contract agreements. Hotel demand for locally supplied goods has been found to be a factor of hotel size. Rodenburg (1980), found that import leakages for the tourist sector in Bali were related to hotel size. Large, industrial tourism exhibited leakages of 35-40 percent while small scale homestay tourism facilities exhibited no leakages. The food sector specific findings for Jamaica are similar (Belisle, 1984). The amount of locally supplied food varied from a high proportion in smaller, lower class hotels, to a small proportion in large, high class hotels. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.104 on Mon, 20 Jun 2016 05:25:13 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 1991 Tourism and agriculture on the North Coast of the Dominican Republic 173 Tourism in the Dominican Republic A Banco Central study (1982), of the impact of tourism on the north coast of the Dominican Republic, discusses the effect of tourism on agriculture focusing on the three northern provinces of Puerto Plata, Maria Trinidad Sanchez, and Espaillat (Figure 1). The work provides excellent base line data, since at the time there was little or no effect of tourism on agriculture. At the time of the study, the zone was a net exporter of avocado and citrus." @default.
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• W78758323 title "Tourism and agriculture on the north coast of the Dominican Republic." @default.
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