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- W788366411 abstract "Person perception has become a complex variable in the psychological literature. Throughout the years, both philosophers and psychologists have been interested in the nature of human perceptual processes. Person perception is a part of this process involving how we see and attempt to understand what other people are like. Insufficient effort has been made at relating how we perceive others and areas of obvious concern such as racism and aggression. It seems reasonable to expect that many facets of perceiving others could be related to these topics. For example, Argyrides and Downey (2001) proposed that the perception of similarity between others is related to lower levels of racism and aggression. There are several ways that we formulate our perception of others. First impressions (Sherman & Klein, 1994), expectations (Hill et al., 1989, 1990), and stereotyping (Bodenhausen, 1993; Macrae, Milne, & Bodenhausen, 1994) are all classic areas of research in person perception. Self-schemas--cognitive frameworks for organizing, interpreting, and recalling information (Wyer & Srull, 1994)--are also relevant to how people perceive and characterize others (Carpenter, 1988; Dodge & Tomlin, 1987). These schemas are used as a method to organize information about others and to formulate specific perceptions about them. Several studies have been conducted concerning the perception of similarity and a possible influence on liking. For example, Aronson (1990) found that perceived similarity to one's self and attraction/liking are related. Based on findings such as this, one can easily see that our perception of the people around us can influence our behavior. There are also theories (e.g. social categorization theory; Macrae & Bodenhausen, 2000) about how people perceive others categorically. People generally divide the social world into two distinct categories: 'us' and 'them'. Moreover, they view people as belonging to an in-group (their own group or us) or to an out-group (another group, or them). This is called social categorization, and it takes place on many dimensions, including race, religion, age, sex, ethnic background, occupation, and income. This division of people into distinct in-groups and out-groups is a universal aspect of human behavior (LeVine & Campbell, 1972). It should be pointed out that any differences in within-group variability perceived in out-groups versus in-groups are viewed as a shared perceptual phenomenon in our perception of others. This view is different from the dimension proposed by Argyrides and Downey (2001), which supported the existence of a characteristic or trait whereby some people perceive others as similar to each other and some perceive others as more unique or different from each other (similar or different from each other and not as compared to one's self). Argyrides and Downey expect others to differ individually along this perceptual dimension, regardless of in-group or out-group categorization. Furthermore, Downey, Caddell and Argyrides (2001) hypothesized that more perceived similarity in others would result in lower levels of racism and aggression. There were two possible mechanisms that were supported in these proposed relationships. First, perceiving others as similar to each other may lead to perceiving others as similar to one's self. This, in turn, may lead to lower levels of racism and aggression, as previously supported in the literature (Brewer, 1999; Struch & Schwartz, 1989). Second, perceived similarity makes it harder to sort out targets for racism and aggression. Therefore, the constructs of racism and aggression were deemed to be of great interest in the current study. Furthermore, Argyrides (2006) supported a positive relationship between perceived similarity and ethnic identity and collective self-esteem. Argyrides (2006) found that higher levels of perceived similarity in others were related to higher levels of ethnic identity and higher levels of collective self-esteem. …" @default.
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- W788366411 date "2015-08-01" @default.
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- W788366411 title "The Development and Validation of the People Perspective Questionnaire" @default.
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