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• W788684906 abstract "ABSTRACT.This paper argues that the development of a philosophy of openness in scholarly publishing is an incomplete project. For some commentators, this incompleteness is understood as primarily a technical matter; one that will be addressed as technologies and systems improve. Others focus on legal and policy constraints. Taking the contemporary university as an example, and drawing on the work of Lyotard and Nietzsche, I concentrate instead on the politics of the knowledge production process. I discuss the culture of performativity that prevails in academic environments, and identify a new scientism at work in the assessment of research. These trends, I maintain, constitute a form of epistemological closure. I acknowledge that limits to openness are both inevitable and necessary but suggest that recent changes in the production and evaluation of knowledge warrant closer investigation and critique.Keywords: openness, knowledge, scholarly publishing, universitiesScholarly journals have been with us for several centuries and have, in many important respects, remained remarkably unchanged throughout their long history. They exist to allow scholars to communicate their findings and ideas; they are based on the principle of peer review; and they come in the form of collected papers bound together in issues and volumes published periodically. In recent years, however, there has been much talk about the ushering in of a new era of publication: one made possible by new digital technologies and an emerging philosophy of openness. In the early days of electronic publishing, web-based journals were, from a presentation perspective, often a poor imitation of their print counterparts. As technologies have developed over time, these differences have largely disappeared, and most academics now access the journals they need for their research without ever having to leave their offices. As Bjork et al. (2010) observe: Ten years ago scholars and scientists did almost all their reading from paper journal issues, obtained as personal copies, circulating inside their organizations, or by retrieving the issues from library archives. Today the predominating mode is to download a digital copy and either read it directly off the screen or as a printout (p. 1). Electronic journals are now every bit as sophisticated as those produced in print form, and sometimes incorporate elements - e.g., links to other articles, live images, possibilities for ongoing revision and updating, and scope for direct feedback from and interaction with readers - that cannot be duplicated in the print world.Web 2.0 technologies have expanded the range of possibilities for academic communication and publication (Casserly & Smith, 2008). Publication in a Web 2.0 environment, it has sometimes been said, allows for a much more democratic and participatory model of knowledge production, with fresh ideas and findings being released to peers at faster rates and multiple possibilities for collaborative improvement in academic work. The advantages of greater speed, easier access and lower costs associated with electronic forms of academic publishing permit countries that would otherwise struggle to obtain research materials to now do so, reducing inequalities in intellectual opportunity across the globe. The development of Open Source systems of software development and information sharing provides a less hierarchical, more transparent platform for advancing knowledge. From this ethos of openness, the concept of the Creative Commons and an international giant in the distribution of co-produced knowledge - Wikipedia - have also emerged. No longer, it seems, can academic knowledge be restricted principally to the ivory tower; information and ideas, it is sometimes said, want to be free. (See further, Benkler & Nissenbaum, 2006; Committee for Economic Development, 2009; Iiyoshi & Kumar, 2008; Lessig, 2005; Willinsky, 2006, 2009.)The emergence of a new philosophy of openness in scholarly publishing is, however, an incomplete project. …" @default.
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• W788684906 date "2012-01-01" @default.
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• W788684906 title "Scholarly Publishing and the Politics of Openness: Knowledge Production in Contemporary Universities" @default.
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