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• W79417633 abstract "A conventional gas centrifuge is basically a cylinder that spins around its central axis with ultra-high angular speed while a gas is injected inside it. Under these conditions, the heavier molecules of the gas move towards the cylinder wall and the lighter ones remain close to the center. In addition, if one creates a thermal gradient in a perpendicular direction by keeping the top of the rotating column cool and the bottom hot, the resulting convection current carries the lighter molecules to the top while the heavier ones settle at the bottom, from which they can be continuously withdrawn. An important use of gas centrifuges is for the separation of uranium-235 from uranium-238. As a first step, the uranium metal is turned into a gas (uranium hexafluoride, UF6). Next, the UF6 is injected inside a gas centrifuge, which spins at about 100.000 rpm in order to produce a strong centrifugal force upon the UF6 molecules. Thus, the UF6 is separated by the difference in molecular weight between UF6 and UF6 [1]. The heavier molecules of the gas (UF6) move towards the cylinder wall and the lighter ones (UF6) remain close to the center. The convection current carries the lighter molecules (UF6) to the top while the heavier ones (UF6) settle at the bottom. However, the gas at the top is not composed totally by UF6 it contains also UF6, in such way that we can say that the gas at the top is only a gas rich in U. In practice, several of such centrifuges are connected in series. A cascade of identical stages produces successively higher concentrations of U. This process is called Uranium enrichment. Uranium occurs naturally as two isotopes: 99.3% is Uranium-238 and 0.7% is Uranium-235. Their atoms are identical except for the number of neutrons in the nucleus: Uranium-238 has three more and this makes it less able to fission. Uranium enrichment is used to increase the percentage of the fissile U-235. Nuclear reactors typically require uranium fuel enriched to about 3% to 5% U-235. Nuclear bombs typically use ‘Highly Enriched Uranium’, enriched to 90% U-235 [2]. In order to extract the U from the UF6 it is necessary to add Calcium. The Calcium reacts with the gas producing a salt and pure U. The conventional gas centrifuges used in the Uranium enrichment are very expensive, and they consume much energy during the process. Here, it is proposed a new type of separator of isotopes based on the intensification the gravitational acceleration * [3]. It can generate accelerations tens times more intense than those generated in the most powerful centrifuges used for Uranium enrichment." @default.
• W79417633 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W79417633 creator A5002870640 @default.
• W79417633 date "2012-07-01" @default.
• W79417633 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W79417633 title "Gravitational Separator of Isotopes" @default.
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