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• W795549342 abstract "1. IntroductionThere are a lot of factors that contributed to appearance of new types of and new trade patterns on international stage. We can structure them in following three categories:1. The Western factor - implementation by Western of new strategies and models.We are referring to businesses which are stimulated by:- competitive advantages offered by concentration of resources on a specific field of expertise or functions that enhance positioning on market;- technical opportunities and economic efficiency enhancement resulting from relocation of activities, and first of all of manufacturing, through offshoring and international outsourcing.The globally compames reflect integration in a certain formula of components of value chain and distribution of their fulfilment in at least two countries. Integration also implies, on an ever larger scale, functional inter-dependence of at least 2 independent which realize in conjunction global value chain, and through this symbiosis generate a business.Under category of companies we have to define two types of companies:a) the functions outsourcers, which can be:- big (national companies, multinational companies-MNC, transnational companies-TNC), which undergo a process of vertical disintegration, by retaining basic function(s) (in which their competencies are maximal) and distribution of other functions to third parties (outsourcing to functions integrators selected through arbitrage of their competencies and advantages)- new that design and structure from scratch a business by assigning functions to integrated participants.b. the functions integrators, which can be:- that directly perform contractually undertaken function(s) (design, R@D, manufacturing, assembly, distribution, marketing, post-sales analyses or a combination of these)- that build and use (orchestrate) supplier networks. This kind of integrator becomes in its turn a functions outsourcer, while network itself becomes a business.2. The emergent factor - governmental policies and private initiatives of some emerging countries. These have facilitated:- foreign direct investments- set up and growth of a number of national meant to become partners to Western TNCs within frame of certain businesses- building of national, regional or even international chains or networks- extension of functions within global value chains, ready to be undertaken by emerging companies, from manufacturing to logistics, R@D and other services.3. The conjunction and evolution of above mentioned factors - which created a new economic reality.This new reality can be characterized by:- reshape of international inter-dependences between companies, countries and regions- reshape of trade and investments flows- review of meaning of a country specialization, which is no longer based on overall balance of comparative advantage of countries in producing a final good, but on comparative advantage of producing components of final goods (the intra-product specialization) or on comparative advantage of fulfilling certain tasks/functions along global value chain of a product (the functional specialization).The appearance of new types of and new trade patterns on international stage has led to restructure of worldwide competition. This has a few implications on management and on foreign trade statistics and analysis as well and we will that for make some remarks on these issues. …" @default.
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• W795549342 date "2014-07-01" @default.
• W795549342 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W795549342 title "NEW BUSINESS MODELS, THE RESTRUCTURE OF COMPETITION AND IMPLICATIONS ON BUSINESS MANAGEMENT AND TRADE STATISTICS" @default.
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