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• W79589895 abstract "Avian influenza viruses (in particular highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses) pose a concern both for public and animal health. Over the last decade, in fact, a sharp increase in the number of outbreaks in birds, especially poultry, has occurred with a high economic impact on the commercial poultry sector with the death or culling of millions of birds worldwide. In addition, from the public health perspective, several of these viruses have crossed the species barrier and infected human beings as well. In some instances, this has resulted in a self-limiting conjunctivitis or influenza-like illness, while in others in more severe conditions, which led to the death of the individual.The aim of the present paper was to investigate the pathogenicity and transmissibility of same avian influenza viruses in animal models. In particular, avian influenza viruses of the H7 subtype that are widely diffused worldwide and were implicated in one of the major outbreaks, the 1999-2000 H7N1 HPAI outbreak, were focused on and used for the experimental infections reported in the present paper. In detail, to increase knowledge on the risk connected to the consumption of commodities coming from infected poultry, it was performed an experimental infection in unvaccinated and vaccinated turkeys with HPAI and LPAI viruses of the H7N1 subtypes. The aim of the study was to determine the ability of LPAI and HPAI H7N1 viruses to reach muscle tissues following experimental infection and the efficacy of vaccination in preventing viraemia and meat localisation. The potential of infective muscle tissue to act as a source of infection for susceptible poultry by mimicking the practice of swill-feeding was also investigated. Results obtained indicated that the HPAI virus was isolated from blood and muscle tissues of all unvaccinated turkeys, while LPAI could be isolated only from blood and could be detected only by RT-PCR in muscles. In contrast, in vaccinated/ challenged turkeys, no viable virus or viral RNA could be detected in muscles indicating that in vaccinated birds viral localisation in muscle tissue is prevented. No infection was detected in poultry fed on infected meat.Further studies were performed to understand the zoonotic potential of the H7N1 HPAI viruses in mammals using the mouse model. In particular it was enlightened the pathogenicity of selected HPAI viruses infecting mice through nasal infection. In fact, sequence analysis of viruses from the Italian epidemic indicated that a natural isolate from an ostrich (Struthio camelus) had a lysine (K) residue at position 627 of the PB2 protein (PB2-627K). This mutation is very rare in avian origin isolates, the vast majority of which have a glutamic acid (E) residue in this position. It was showed that the isolated possessing the lysine residue exhibited enhanced virulence in mice, in comparison to isolates lacking this mutation. In particular, it was showed a marked pneumo and neurovirulence of H7N1 HPAI isolates in mice.Due to the fact that apart from ferrets, no data were available on the transmission of H7 influenza viruses in mice, there were used mice to asses if Italian H7N1 HPAI viruses could be transmitted in this species. It was demonstrated that H7N1 HPAI viruses could transmit to naive mice place in direct contact with infected mice. In addition the results showed that transmission occurred by contact through oro-nasal secretions, containing high viral load.In conclusion, the data generated during the experimental infections herein reported underlined once again the pathogenicicty of H7N1 viruses both for poultry (turkey) and mammal (mouse). The zoonotic potential of these viruses therefore is very high, all the more due to their ability to transmit from infected to healthy mice. Finally, the vaccination appears to be an effective tool to prevent the active circulation of avian influenza viruses and then the acquisition of potentially dangerous mutations." @default.
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• W79589895 date "2008-01-01" @default.
• W79589895 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W79589895 title "Influenza aviaria: valutazione della patogenicità e trasmissibilità di virus H7N1 italiani in modelli animali" @default.
• W79589895 hasPublicationYear "2008" @default.
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