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• W796192080 abstract "At higher particle energies the efficiency of RFQs decreases. At higher energies DTL structures in combination with magnetic quadrupoles are used. A novel approach at IAP combines the advantages of RFQs and DTLs. To avoid the defocusing effects of a DTL structure, the accelerating gaps of a spiral loaded cavity were equiped with small fingers. These fingers arranged in a quadrupole symmetry provide an additional focusing field component. The beam dynamics of such a cavity has been studied with RFQSIM. Simulations of the rf properties have been done using Microwave Studio. A prototype of a spiral loaded cavity with finger drift tubes has been built and low power measurement were made. Results of the calculations as well as low level and bead pertubation measurements are presented in this contribution. Figure 1: spiral loaded cavity and finger drift tubes BEAM DYNAMICS The RFQSIM code was used to investigate the focusing effect of finger electrodes in the accelerating gap of a DTL structure. An accelerator layout consisting of a 4 m RFQ and a small booster cavity of 0.5 m length was investigated. The RFQ accelerates protons and deuterons to a final energy of 2 MeV/u while the booster increases the energy to 2.5 MeV/u. The results of the calculations using a normal DTL is shown in figure 2. INTRODUCTION At energies higher than β > 5% the efficiency of RFQ accelerators decreases. Therefore DTL structures are used in this region. Spiral loaded cavities which are a special type of DTL have been built successfully at IAP for many years with a wide range of applications. The main features of these structures are a compact design and a large energy acceptance. For protons and deuterons RFQ accelerators can be used up to 2 MeV/u. A 4 m long RFQ length in combination with a DTL booster was planned for the COSY SCL upgrade [1]. For the acceleration of deuterons from 2 MeV/u to 2.5 MeV/u an overall voltage of 1 MV is needed in the booster. Table 1: parameters of the booster cavity Length: 300 mm Diameter: 280 mm Aperture: 20 mm Gap / total voltage: 250 kV / 1 MV Power consumption: 150 KW βλ/2 62 mm Figure 2: RFQSIM results with drift tubes In contrast to this calculation a gap design with finger electrodes was analysed. The field distribution of a gap which simultaneously accelerates and focuses the beam cannot be calculated analytically. Therefore a new module was implemented in RFQSIM which enables the user to use an arbitrary field distribution [2]. The field distribution can be generated by an excel macro using the successive over-relaxation method. It is a three dimensional static voltage distribution. The RFQSIM code then calculates the electric field components at the position of the particle. Figure 3 shows the voltage distribution at the end of one drift tube with finger electrodes. As an option for the booster cavity a spiral loaded cavity with finger drift tubes was designed. The finger electrodes in the four gaps provide an additional focusing field which compensates for the rf defocusing. Figure 1 shows the original structure and the finger drift tubes. * Work supported by BMBF # k.kuehnel@iap.uni-frankfurt.de 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 fre qu en cy 0 -m od e [M H z] 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 finger length [mm] 15 16 17 18 sunt im peance [M Ω /m ] Figure 5: Resonance frequency and shunt impedance as a function of the finger length The magnitude of the z component of the electric field on the beam axis, which is used for the acceleration of the beam, is not affected by the added fingers. In figure 6 this field component is compared for the two analysed structures. Figure 3: Voltage distribution of finger drift tube The results of the calculations using the new module to simulate an accelerating gap with an energy gain of 0.5 MeV/u and a focusing effect is shown in figure 4. Both calculations include a drift section after the booster cavity. Comparing both results, the beam ellipses in the x and y plane are changed with the focusing fingers. This result corresponds to a focusing effect in one plane and a defocusing in the other as it was expected. Million 15 drift tube finger drift tube" @default.
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• W796192080 date "2004-01-01" @default.
• W796192080 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W796192080 title "Development of Finger Drift Tube Linacs" @default.
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