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- W797372403 abstract "The thiosulfate ion does not freely diffuse out of a hardened photographic gelatin emulsion. Salts in the washing water displaces the adsorbed thiosulfate ions and allows them to freely diffuse out of the emulsion. The effect of temperature upon the diffusion of the thiosul fate ion is on the order of other diffusion pro cesses. The type and amount of hardening also affects the diffusion of thiosulfate. The diffu sion of thiosulfate out of the emulsion is fastest when a non-hardening fixer is used. The use of an alum hardening fixer results in slower diffusion than with formaldehyde prehardening. When photographers began using sodium thiosulfate as a fixing agent for photographic film, the problem of removing it from the emulsion began. Failure to do so will, in time, cause the silver image to fade. The usual method of removal is by washing the fiTLm with water. The rate with which the thiosulfate leaves the film is dependent upon the diffusion of the thiosulfate ion out of the gelatin, for this is the rate controling step.1 The rate of free diffusion can be expressed by a dif fusion constant or coefficient. The value of this constant depends upon the diffusing entity and medium, as well as the temperature. Anything that impedes free diffusion will be shown by a change in the diffusion constant. Adsorption or retention of the thiosulfate ion by gelatin would be such an impedement. The purpose of this investigation is to derive, by means 1" @default.
- W797372403 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W797372403 creator A5011333191 @default.
- W797372403 date "1970-01-01" @default.
- W797372403 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W797372403 title "Diffusion of the thiosulfate ion out of photographic film during washing" @default.
- W797372403 hasPublicationYear "1970" @default.
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