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• W798979406 abstract "ABSTRACTThe Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) is commonly used to study the relationship between emotions and decision-making. In spite of its frequent use, there are important controversies related to this task. One of the most significant sources of disagreement concerns the role of declarative knowledge in guiding adaptive decisions. While some studies suggest that the driving forces are nonconscious somatic markers, other empirical investigations emphasize a more important role of declarative knowledge about the task. Our study provides new data in this debate. In a student sample (N = 48), we tested whether individual differences in habitual use of emotion regulation (ER) strategies might influence decisional outcome and acquisition of declarative knowledge. Our results provide further support for the account that declarative knowledge is important in supporting optimal decision-making outcomes. More specifically, level of confidence in declarative knowledge about the task is a premise of its use in effective decision-making. Moreover, we found that habitual use of reappraisal is correlated with decisional outcome, but not with the acquisition of declarative knowledge. This study raises questions regarding the mechanisms through which ER influences decision-making in the IGT.KEYWORDS: declarative knowledge, emotion regulation, the Iowa Gambling Task, reappraisalIntroductionIt is by now well-established that emotion plays a key role in human social and economic decision-making (see, Elster, 1998; Loewenstein, 2000; Peters, Vastfjall, Garling, & Slovic, 2006). People evaluate objective features of alternatives such as expected return in a subjective way (Edwards, 1962; Kahneman & Tversky, 1979; Tversky & Kahneman, 1992), and emotions are understood to influence these subjective evaluations (Loewenstein & O'Donoghue, 2004; Naqvi, Shiv, & Bechara, 2006; Slovic, Finucane, Peters, & MacGregor, 2007). One important element in the multitude of studies published in the decision-making literature is the role of emotion in driving emotion-based learning in complex decisional situations (Damasio et al., 1996; LeDoux, 1996, 2000; Turnbull et al., 2003, 2006, 2014). Emotion-based learning systems are known to facilitate insights about the possible outcomes of complex decisions, based on prior experience of the emotional consequences of actions (Turnbull et al., 2014). Neuropsychological studies, with patients who suffered ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) lesions, amygdala or insular lesions (Bechara et al., 1997, 1999, 2003; Clark et al., 2008), as well as studies that measure skin conductance response (SCR) (Bechara et al., 1996, 1997, 1999; Suzuki, Hirota, Takasawa, & Shigemasu, 2003) provide empirical support for the account that integral brain emotion-related circuits are necessary for optimal decisions. However, measuring emotional and decisional deficits in neurological patients imposes severe methodological and ethical limitations. In order to study emotion driven learning in decisional situations, Bechara, Damasio, and coworkers (1994) created the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), a simple card game designed to be used as a neuropsychological tool that assesses risk taking. Some of the first experimental studies using the IGT indicated that patients with VMPFC lesions, as opposed to normal controls, fail to use an optimal decision-making strategy, and the authors named this as myopia for the future (p. 217), where patients' focus was on the immediate outcome of decisions, with an apparent indifference for long-term consequences of their actions (Bechara et al., 1994, 2005). Additionally, throughout the IGT, while control participants develop anticipatory SCR before making a bad card selection, neurological patients failed to develop these SCR responses. Interestingly, Bechara and coworkers (1996) conclude that normal control participants start developing anticipatory SCRs and display adaptive decisional performance before they could consciously express knowledge about the task, thus concluding that declarative knowledge is not a significant component in optimal decisions in the IGT. …" @default.
• W798979406 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W798979406 date "2015-03-01" @default.
• W798979406 modified "2023-09-28" @default.
• W798979406 title "The Contributions of Declarative Knowledge and Emotion Regulation in the Iowa Gambling Task" @default.
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