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• W799416672 abstract "Abstract: It has long been contended by both the 'old' and 'new' Chicago School that immigration fractures effective community controls, resulting in increased crime, conflict and social disorder. Building on the Chicago School approach, this article provides an extended model of the theory of collective efficacy introducing two new concepts of 'confined' and 'collaborative' collective efficacy. The article is based on research carried out in an English town that experienced a mass and rapid in-migration of Polish nationals. The results of a survey of Polish migrants (n = 78) and native residents (n = 172) demonstrate how a perceived 'normative core' between diverse groups is the crucial ingredient for collaboration in social control efforts and for dissipating instances of inter-group conflict.Keywords: Immigration, Crime, Conflict, Collective Efficacy, Normative Core.IntroductionIn contemporary societies, immigration remains at the forefront of public concern and government agenda, particularly in its perceived and publicised negative consequences for crime and disorder in local communities. A recent wave of migration to the UK from Central and Eastern Europe has once again captured the attention of the nation. The scale and rapidity of this migration, touching many corners of the country, has revitalised the debate on immigration and its consequences for social control and crime in changing neighbourhoods.Rapid social change and the mass movement of 'strangers' into an area, bringing with it an array of social ills, is not a new phenomenon however and has received a sustained prominence in academic research, particularly in the 'Chicago School' studies dating back to the 1920s. These studies were preoccupied with the community mechanisms that link the wider social and structural changes of immigration with crime and disorder in neighbourhoods. Exemplary in this research tradition are Shaw and McKay (1942) who asserted that population turnover and racial or ethnic heterogeneity, that specifically resulted from immigration, increased 'social disorganisation' due to an inability of neighbours to develop social networks with each other or to establish common goals and values and to work together to control crime. This ultimately provided the conditions conducive for high rates of juvenile delinquency.Moving from the 'old' research of Shaw and McKay (1942) to the 'new' research agenda led by Robert Sampson and others (Sampson et al. 1997; Martinez and Lee 2000; Sampson 2006a; Sampson 2006b), this article considers the potential of 'established' and 'immigrant' communities to collectively engage in crime control activities, and their ability to offset the community tensions that are assumed to flow from rapid social change. The paper reformulates Robert Sampson's theory of 'collective efficacy' (Sampson et al. 1997) and proposes an extended model of 'confined' and 'collaborative' collective efficacy that is considered here to be more appropriate in contemporary changing and diverse communities experiencing immigration. Using data collected in a small English town that experienced a rapid in-migration of Polish nationals, the article has two main aims. Firstly, it aims to explore the factors that encourage or promote collective efficacy amongst different social groups. Secondly, it aims to address whether these different forms of collective efficacy are associated with a reduction in experiences of inter-group conflict between established residents and new immigrants. The findings are in line with a growing research agenda that suggests public institutions play a greater role in encouraging community crime control in contemporary neighbourhoods than do parochial-based social networks (Velez 2001; Triplett et al. 2003; Carr 2003). Moving beyond this however, the findings further demonstrate the importance of a perceived 'normative core' between 'immigrant' and 'established' groups for effective collaboration in social control efforts to take place and for dissipating instances of inter-group conflict. …" @default.
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• W799416672 date "2014-01-01" @default.
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• W799416672 title "Group Conflict and 'Confined' and 'Collaborative' Collective Efficacy: The Importance of a Normative Core between Immigrants and Natives in an English Town" @default.
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