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• W8000730 abstract "nnn Participatory approaches to adaptive research have become popular in Indonesian agricultural research for development programmes, replacing top-down transfer-of-technology models predominant a decade ago (Thorbecke a Van der Pluijm, 1993; Van der Eng, 1996; Harianto, 2007). Despite relying solely on national research centres to provide agricultural technologies to improve production systems in various agro-ecology zones, the Indonesian Government established Assessment Institutes for Agricultural Technologies (AIAT) in every province to conduct adaptive research on farm to assess the suitability of innovations developed by national research centres under local conditions and adapt them for wider application in a specific region (Ministry of Agriculture, 2008). nnn There is a growing concern regarding the effectiveness of current adaptive research approaches applied as they do not always lead to increased agricultural productivity nor improved livelihoods of smallholder farmers. Frequently, farmers in the adaptive research activities abandon new technologies and return to previous practices once the project has finished (ACIAR, 2008). Reasons often mentioned by farmers include the unsuitability of the technologies for their specific conditions, and difficulties to access required inputs for sustained implementation of the technology. Furthermore, although the adaptive research results are designed to feed the local government development programs, this does not happen very often. Only a few of the adaptive research results produced by the AIAT have been incorporated as development programs in the region (ACIAR, 2008). This research aims to analyse the adaptive research, communication and dissemination strategies of the AIAT system, with West Nusa Tenggara as a case, and formulate recommendations towards enhancing the instituters effectiveness in supporting farmers practice change and subsequently positive impacts on farmerrs livelihood. nnn This research applied a case study methodology involving analysis of the planning and implementation processes and achievements in three agricultural research for development projects in eastern Indonesia. The reason for selecting case study as research methodology is for obtaining a holistic understanding of the study object in their natural setting within the project boundary. Case study enables the researcher to explore the particularity of a case (Simmons, 2009, p. 3). Within case study, study on social phenomenon is carried out within boundaries of a system in their natural context (Swanborn, 2010, p. 13). It allows investigators to understand complex social phenomena while retaining the holistic and meaningful characteristics of real-life events (Burn, 2000, p. 7). These rationales confirmed the suitability of case study as a research strategy for the context of this study. nnn Selection of the cases was based on three criteria: (1) variation of project initiation; (2) variation of the project funder and the variation of underlying approaches of the project; (3) and similarities on commodity. These criteria were selected to enable comparison of various project approaches, processes and achievements. All data collected in this study was based on two periods of fieldwork. The first period of field work was conducted from July to December 2009 focussing on assessment of the processes of the project cases. The second period of fieldwork from September to December 2010 focussed on assessment of the projectsr achievements. This qualitative study relied on several methods of data collection including document analysis, direct observation, in-depth interview, and focus group discussion (Marshall a Rossman, 2006; Yin, 2003, p. 86). Several techniques from Participatory Rural Appraisal (Chambers, 1994) were employed during data collection such as transect walk, matrix ranking, Venn diagram and evaluation using picture of face expressions. These techniques were used for their advantage to encourage local people to share their knowledge of life and conditions and to express diverse views over the issues (Chambers, 1994). This study adopts a thematic analysis approach for data analysis for its flexibility advantage in accommodating researcherrs interpretation into data related to their context, yet focussed on the emerging themes and area of study interest (Braun and Clarke, 2008). nnn The analysis of the three cases in this study showed that research projects emphasizing a rigid technology package and overlooking farmerrs participation during research processes do not readily instigate a sense of ownership for farmers over the innovations and the processes, and often lead to limited uptake. All projects in this study except Project 3 showed researchers domination in defining the problems, determining project objectives, deciding innovation contents and methods to deliver the innovation contents. By exception Project 3 provided opportunities for farmerrs contribution during the decision making process. As a result, the scope of practice change and implementation of the innovation in Project 1 and Project 2 was limited and sustainable, a contrast feature observed in Project 3. This study found that farmerrs exclusion in defining problems, needs and solutions to the problems as demonstrated in Project 1 and Project 2 caused unsuitable project content. This unsuitable project contents posed lack of ownership, which then led to abandonment of the promoted innovations. In contrast, more active farmerrs involvement at all project stages as shown in Project 3 has demonstrated to provide higher possibility to more suitable outputs and sustained self-motivated practice change. nnn This study has also demonstrated that roles, relationships and communication mechanisms between stakeholders were contributable to project achievements. In order to support effective collaboration in a multiple stakeholder project, the desired communication strategies that emerged from this study are the participatory communication strategies, in which communication and interaction between all stakeholders is enabled and feedback mechanisms are provided. Key elements of communication to facilitate effective adaptive research identified in this study include: coordination, processes creating transparency, direct involvement of stakeholders, informal communication mechanisms, patience, continuous contact, trust, linkages between programs and stakeholders, resource sharing and facilitating feedback. nnn Recommendations emerged from this study in order to enhance the effectiveness of adaptive research at AIAT is supporting farmerrs practice change are clustered into three areas, approaches and methods, communications and administration. The first recommendation is improving the approaches and methods in conducting adaptive research by involving more active farmer participation in every stage of the research project. The second recommendation is implementing more participative communication between AIAT and its stakeholders. The last recommendation is improving administrative procedures that enable the implementation of more participatory approach in the adaptive research." @default.
• W8000730 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W8000730 date "2013-01-01" @default.
• W8000730 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W8000730 title "Making research count for farmers: An analysis of participation and communication in agricultural research for development in Eastern Indonesia" @default.
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