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• W800896722 abstract "I. InfroducfionJust imagine having been a concert goer in 1808 who was lucky enough to attend the premieres of Beethovens Fifth and Sixth Symphonies.1 The works are like nothing else you have ever heard. As the third movement of the Fifth builds, you think the composer must have reached the pinnacle of the orchestras capability-nothing could be bigger. But then, you catch your breath. The orchestra plays straight into the final movement, and the ensemble seems to be growing. The main theme rises higher and higher, higher than any orchestra has ever played. What instrument is adding that color to phrase ? Surely it is not a flute: the instrument cannot play that high or with such sweet clarity. What has Beethoven done ?For the first time in any symphony, Beethoven has added the piccolo to the orchestra.2 The octave as it is known in many cultures, gave the symphony a breadth, color, and sound that audiences had not previously experienced in an ensemble. Todays audiences, however, both expect and take for granted marvelous addition, and many historians look at the Fifth Symphony and think, this was the first use of orchestral piccoloclearly Beethoven is the father of the use of the instrument symphonically. Yet, is true ? Beethoven may have been the first, but should he be given credit for permanently establishing the instrument in the symphony orchestra? To understand Beethovens role in the piccolos development, his use of the instrument must be analyzed in light of the piccolos three primary roles known to modem audiences: extender of range and dynamics, programmatic effect, and solo instrument. And just how innovative was Beethovens use? I will examine compositions written prior to the nineteenth century to see how novel his use of piccolo might have been and whether a single composer can truly be responsible for how the piccolo is used today. If Beethoven is not fully responsible, then who else might have played a role ?II. Beethoven's Use of the PiccoloThere is no question that Beethoven performed the great service of introducing the piccolo to the symphony orchestra. He wrote a total of sixteen orchestral compositions involving piccolo over the span of three and a half decades, including five ofhis large-scale symphonic works: Symphonies Five ( 1808), Six ( 1808), and Nine ( 1822)Egmont ( 1809); and Wellingtons Sieg, oder Die Schlacht bei Vittoria ( 1813).3 In at least eleven of the sixteen works, the piccolo primarily served the function of extending the range and increasing the dynamic capability of the full orchestra. Indeed, Beethoven showed great skill and sensitivity in use. In no single one of the sixteen works did he write for the full range for the instrument, usually keeping the range within a comfort zone of just over an octave, but he did eventually use the gamut of the instruments range throughout all his compositions.4 Most frequently, he employed the instrument in the loudest tutti passages, sometimes effectively doubling the volume of the ensemble.5 This use was not merely for special effect6 but was a carefully crafted use of the instrument s natural power. The piccolo inherited such passages from the flute, which Beethoven had used in earlier symphonies to reinforce the height of a tutti by doubling the upper strings.The Fifth Symphony's use of range and dynamic extension is representative of Beethoven's best piccolo writing. Th e Allegro begins with a swift crescendo and attacca from the majority of the orchestral ensemble, already arriving on a forte. However, Beethoven continues to build excitement past the arrival by finally adding the piccolo and trombones, which had been waiting silendy through the entire symphony up to that point. For the first five and a half measures, the piccolo is in unison with the flutes, doubling the violins at the octave. It seems he is merely using the piccolo as reinforcement of the flute's upper register. …" @default.
• W800896722 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W800896722 date "2013-12-01" @default.
• W800896722 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W800896722 title "A Legacy Revealed: Beethoven and the Orchestral Piccolo" @default.
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