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• W80964116 abstract "Human factors are a critical component to appropriate access management design; however, current access management design techniques rarely consider the robust nature of the human element explicitly. For example, a constant perception-reaction time and deceleration rate are commonly used, yet the variation in facility function, speed, adjacent land-use, level of conflict, and transit / bicycle / pedestrian activity are excluded from direct consideration. In addition, a single height of object for stopping sight distance is assumed to be approximately 2 ft (0.6 m) based on current AASHTO standards, with the 0.5 ft (150 mm) basis retained by several states. For access management applications, object height could be represented better by vehicle headlight/taillight height or, for some situations, curb height (0.5 ft [150 mm]) or pavement surface (effectively an object height of 0 ft [0 mm]). One of the major techniques for determining driveway spacing and location is based on the stopping sight distance of approaching vehicles. Perception-reaction time is a direct component of stopping sight distance; however, the most frequently assumed 2.5-second perception-reaction time, shown by current research to be a conservative value, does not consider the level of conflict present at the location. This value also does not take into account road complexity, traffic volume, ambient lighting, vehicle mix, or similar known elements common to many road environments. In addition to the perception-reaction time, the expected driver performance is influenced by driver work load impacts such as intersection frequency, proximity to interchanges, driver fatigue level, presence of bicycles and pedestrians, as well as the presence of raised medians. The concept of decision sight distance is more appropriate for many access management applications since it directly reflects the increased level of complexity for different road environments (such as rural versus urban); however, decision sight distance also does not explicitly address the numerous and diverse characteristics common to the complex driving task and specific driver abilities. This paper addresses the various influences of driver characteristics on the optimal spacing, location, and design of access management facilities. These characteristics can include consideration of driver’s field of vision (based on perceived approach speed), visual ability, cognitive ability, mobility, and age and experience. To adequately consider the wide variation of these driver characteristics as they relate to specific access management decisions and unique contextual environments, the authors assess the effects of current design decisions, and how such assumptions contrast to more human-related specificity." @default.
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• W80964116 date "2010-01-01" @default.
• W80964116 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W80964116 title "The Influence of Human Factors on Access Management Design" @default.
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