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• W81245908 abstract "We revisit the question of Zero-Knowledge PCPs, studied by Kilian, Petrank, and Tardos (STOC ’97). A ZK-PCP is defined similarly to a standard PCP, except that the view of any (possibly malicious) verifier can be efficiently simulated up to a small statistical distance. Kilian et al.obtained a ZK-PCP for NEXP in which the proof oracle is in EXP NP . They also obtained a ZK-PCP for NP in which the proof oracle is computable in polynomial-time, but this ZK-PCP is only zero-knowledge against bounded-query verifiers who make at most an a priori fixed polynomial number of queries. The existence of ZK-PCPs for NP with efficient oracles and arbitrary polynomial-time malicious verifiers was left open. This question is motivated by the recent line of work on cryptography using tamper-proof hardware tokens: an efficient ZK-PCP (for any language) is equivalent to a statistical zero-knowledge proof using only a single stateless token sent to the verifier. We obtain the following results regarding efficient ZK-PCPs: Negative Result on Efficient ZK-PCPs. Assuming that the polynomial time hierarchy does not collapse, we settle the above question in the negative for ZK-PCPs in which the verifier is nonadaptive (i.e. the queries only depend on the input and secret randomness but not on the PCP answers). Simplifying Bounded-Query ZK-PCPs. The bounded-query zero-knowledge PCP of Kilian et al. starts from a weakly-sound bounded-query ZK-PCP of Dwork et al. (CRYPTO ’92) and amplifies its soundness by introducing and constructing a new primitive called locking scheme — an unconditional oracle-based analogue of a commitment scheme. We simplify the ZK-PCP of Kilian et al. by presenting an elementary new construction of locking schemes. Our locking scheme is purely combinatorial. Black-Box Sublinear ZK Arguments via ZK-PCPs. Kilian used PCPs to construct sublinear-communication zero-knowledge arguments for NP which make a non-black-box use of collision-resistant hash functions (STOC ’92). We show that ZK-PCPs can be used to get black-box variants of this result with improved round complexity, as well as an unconditional zero-knowledge variant of Micali’s non-interactive CS Proofs (FOCS ’94) in the Random Oracle Model." @default.
• W81245908 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W81245908 date "2012-01-01" @default.
• W81245908 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W81245908 title "On Efficient Zero-Knowledge PCPs" @default.
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• W81245908 doi "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28914-9_9" @default.
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