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• W812851493 abstract "IntroductionWalking is a fundamental form of ambulation that is altered in many populations. Many studies have shown alterations in the gait of overweight and obese individuals (de Souza et al., 2005; DeVita & Hortobagyi, 2003; Lai, Leung, Li, & Zhang, 2008; Malatesta et al., 2009; Spyropoulos, Piscioha, Pavlou, Cairns, & Simon, 1991; Vismara et al., 2007). Exercise interventions have also been shown to affect gait (Lopopolo, Greco, Sullivan, Craik, & Mangione, 2006), but the effects of activity in an overweight population have not yet been investigated. As activity can play a major role in weight management (Donnelly et al., 2009), the effects on activity in overweight individuals is a topic in need of investigation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of current activity levels on gait in overweight females.Kinematic Gait Alterations in the Overweight and ObeseSeveral alterations in gait have been found in overweight and obese subjects. A slower walking velocity has been a coimnon finding (de Souza et al., 2005; DeVita & Hortobagyi, 2003; Lai et al., 2008; Malatesta et al., 2009; Vismara et al., 2007), though a few studies have found no difference in preferred walking speed (Browning, Baker, Herron, & Kram, 2006; Browning & Kram, 2005). Other differences include reduced cadence (de Souza et al., 2005; Spyropoulos et al., 1991), increased step width (Browning & Kram, 2007; de Souza et al., 2005; Spyropoulos et al., 1991), and decreased step or stride length (de Souza et al., 2005; Lai et al., 2008; Malatesta et al., 2009; Vismara et al., 2007). Changes to the gait cycle are also evident. Stance phase is increased (Browning & Kram, 2007; DeVita & Hortobagyi, 2003; Lai et al., 2008), and swing phase is shortened (Becker et al., 2006; Browning & Kram, 2007; DeVita & Hortobagyi, 2003). DeVita and Hortobagyi (DeVita & Hortobagyi, 2003) also found overweight individuals had longer stance phases and shorter swing phases when walking at preferred walking speed compared to walking at a faster standard speed. This indicates the overweight individual can adopt normal gait characteristics but for some reason often walks with alterations to gait. There are also changes in joint displacement. Hip extension and plantar flexion are increased (DeVita & Hortobagyi, 2003), while knee flexion is reduced (DeVita & Hortobagyi, 2003; Gushue, Houck, & Lemer, 2005). These changes result in a more upright posture. An increase in foot angle (toeing out) has also been found (de Souza et al., 2005; Messier et al., 1994). This body of evidence supports that gait is altered in the overweight individual.Activity and GaitMost of the literature examining gait and exercise focuses on exercise interventions. In a meta-analysis, Lopopolo and associates (Lopopolo et al., 2006) found increased gait speed in community-dwelling older adults after exercise interventions incorporating strength training, aerobic exercise with other types of exercise, high intensity, and high frequency exercise. Schlicht, Camaione, and Owen (Schlicht, Camaione, & Owen, 2001) and Topp, Mikesky, Dayhoff, and Holt (Topp, Mikesky, Dayhoff, & Holt, 1996) found gait speed increased following a strengthening program. However, Buchner et al. (Buchner et al., 1997) did not find any effects on gait after strength training or endurance programs. There have also been mixed results for stretching programs. A single study found increased step length, velocity, and swing time coupled with decreased stand and double support time (Cristopoliski, Barela, Leite, Fowler, & Rodacki, 2009), while other studies have found no changes (Godges, MacRae, & Engelke, 1993; Kerrigan, Xenopoulos-Oddsson, Sullivan, Lelas, & Riley, 2003). Combinations of aerobic and strength training interventions have been the most successful in effecting gait and associated parameters. Both gait velocity (Judge, Underwood, & Gennosa, 1993; Lord et al. …" @default.
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• W812851493 date "2013-12-01" @default.
• W812851493 modified "2023-09-28" @default.
• W812851493 title "The Effects of Weight and Activity on Select Kinematic Gait Variables in Adult Females" @default.
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