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• W815592175 abstract "It is known that during fluid restriction, obligatory water losses continue andhypohydration develops and that restricted energy intake leads to a concomitantrestriction of all other dietary components, as well as hypohydration, but the specificeffects of periods of fluid and/ or energy restriction on fluid balance, electrolytebalance and exercise performance have not been systematically described in thescientific literature.There were two main aims of this thesis. Firstly, to describe the effects of periods ofsevere fluid and/ or energy restriction on fluid and electrolyte balance; secondly, todetermine the effect of electrolyte supplementation during and after energy restrictionon fluid and electrolyte balance as well as energy exercise performance.The severe restriction of fluid and/ or energy intake over a 24 h period all resulted inbody mass loss (BML) and hypohydration, but whilst serum osmolality increasesduring fluid restriction (hypertonic hypohydration), serum osmolality does not changeduring energy restriction (isotonic hypohydration), despite similar reductions inplasma volume (Chapter 3). These differences in the tonicity of the hypohydrationdeveloped are most likely explainable by differences in electrolyte balance, with fluidrestriction resulting in no change in electrolyte balance over 24 h (Chapter 3) andenergy restriction (with or without fluid restriction) producing significant reductionsin electrolyte balance by 24 h (Chapter 3; Chapter 4; Chapter 5; Chapter 6; Chapter7).Twenty four hour combined fluid and energy restriction results in large negativebalances of both sodium and potassium, and whilst the addition of sodium chloride toa rehydration solution ingested after fluid and energy restriction increases drinkretention, the addition of potassium chloride to a rehydration solution does not(Chapter 4).Supplementation of sodium chloride and potassium chloride during periods of severeenergy restriction reduces the BML observed during energy restriction and maintainsplasma volume at pre-energy restriction levels (Chapter 5; Chapter 6; Chapter 7).ivThese responses to electrolyte supplementation during energy restriction appear to berelated to better maintenance of serum osmolality and electrolyte concentrations and aconsequential reduction in urine output (Chapter 5; Chapter 6; Chapter 7).Additionally, 48 h energy restriction resulted in a reduction in exercise capacity in ahot environment and an increase in heart rate and core temperature during exercise,compared to a control trial providing adequate energy intake. Whilst electrolytesupplementation during the same 48 h period of energy restriction prevented theseincreases in heart rate and core temperature and exercise capacity was not differentfrom the control trial Chapter 8).In conclusion, 24-48 h energy restriction results in large losses of sodium, potassiumand chloride in urine and a large reduction in body mass and plasma volume andsupplementation of these electrolytes during energy restriction reduces urine output,attenuates the reduction in body mass and maintains plasma volume and exercisecapacity." @default.
• W815592175 created "2016-06-24" @default.
• W815592175 creator A5090681139 @default.
• W815592175 date "2012-01-01" @default.
• W815592175 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W815592175 title "Fluid and electrolyte balance during dietary restriction" @default.
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