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• W81990672 abstract "The twelfth century witnessed renewed interest in the Delphic injunction Know yourself: literature of the period shows a conspicuous increase in concern regarding the inner workings and motives of the mind. As might be expected, twelfth-century penitential hymns, secular poetry, and autobiographical works, genres which naturally lend themselves to inward examination, bear the mark of this introspective tendency. This attempt to articulate and define the self appears suddenly and dramatically enough to prompt some scholars to call the phenomenon the discovery of the or of the self.(1) The Archpoet's Confession (Estuans intrinsecus, 10),(2) written in the second half of the twelfth century, is particularly relevant to the issue of twelfth-century self-definition in that it incorporates elements of all three of the genres mentioned above. Within the framework of a secular poem, the Archpoet writes an autobiographical defense and a penitential confession. And like many twelfth-century works, the Confession is informed by a concern for self-definition. The Archpoet writes poems which address the problem of man's place in the world and of the world within man. In this respect, the Archpoet exemplifies the preoccupations of his time. But the Archpoet's poetry is also an atypical, or at least a problematic, example of self-definition in the twelfth century for two reasons. First, however autobiographical the Archpoet's work may claim to be, and there are doubtless truly autobiographical elements present, the Archpoet employs two literary devices which position him at some distance from his own statements. The Confession is spoken in the first person; but there seems to be a plurality of I's in the poem. The I who begins the poem in uncontrollable anguish, the I who delivers the highly controlled and unrepentant middle, and the I who ends in apparent penitential contrition are not one and the same speaker. Because none of these personae may be identified with the other, it is equally difficult to identify any of these with the Archpoet. The distance between the Archpoet and the I speaking the poems is increased by the poet's use of typological allusions which act as a kind of commentary on the poems. As will be shown below, the first-person voice of the Confession is to be understood in relation to the figure of Job. By eliciting a connection between the speaker of the poem and the character Job, the Archpoet implicitly suggests that a comparison of the two characters informs the Confession. This identification of a type with a persona is highly literary, removed and impersonal, qualities not ordinarily associated with autobiography. The Archpoet's Confession is concerned with understanding the self; but, in the midst of this multitude of I's, is it the Archpoet's self that is being understood? Is the Archpoet the object of self-knowledge in the poem? Or does the Confession seek knowledge of a fictional self? The Archpoet's implicit view of what constitutes the self is also problematic. The Confession speaks of mens, anima, and spiritus; yet the self, the inner life, and the functions which combine to make an individual are described in a mechanical, physical manner. The expected picture of the self in the twelfth century would place the body in subjection to the soul, and a description of the self is usually synonymous with a description of the or the mind. In this expected scheme, the is the self, the body its vehicle. The Confession, on the contrary, portrays the body as the site of the self; in fact, the Archpoet describes spiritual processes in terms of the body. The soul has been relegated to a secondary function of the body. The body has become the self; or if not the self, the body has become much closer to the self than the soul. Little historical information about the Archpoet has survived. His name, like his poetry, is more meaningful than informative. …" @default.
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• W81990672 date "1994-09-22" @default.
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• W81990672 title "The Archpoet as Poet, Persona and Self: The Problem of Individuality in the Confession" @default.
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