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- W820085911 abstract "Twelve percent chromium-molybdenum ferritic steel is used for turbine blades and steam generator applications. Embrittlement studies of this material are important to understand and analyze failures often associated with this material. Microstructural changes were characterized using an optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. Accurate ultrasonic attenuation and velocity measurements have been carried out in turbine blade specimens heat treated at 748 K (887 °F) for durations varying from 0 to 203 h. Impact testing was carried out using subsize charpy V notch specimens. Ultrasonic velocity gradually increases from 5940 m/s (19500 ft/s) in solution annealed condition to 6014 m/s (19 700 ft/s) for specimens treated at 748 K (887 °F) for 100 h. Impact energy is found to decrease gradually and reaches a minimum of 2.5 J at 748 K (887 °F) for 100 h. Corresponding to the maximum in velocity is a minimum in impact energy. Hardness and density values were also determined. Using standard relationships between ultrasonic velocity, density, modulus and the Poisson's ratio, the Young's and bulk moduli were determined for different tempering treatments at 748 K (887 °F) from 1 to 200 h. The Young's modulus varied from 215 to 219 GPa (15 592 to 15 882 tons/in. 2 ) and the bulk modulus varied from 171 to 175 GPa (12 400 to 12 691 tons/in. 2 ) with grain boundary segregation due to tempering treatment at 748 K (887 °F). It is very clear from the results that the extrapolated modulus for the maximum velocity (6014 m/s [19 700 ft/s] associated with the minimum in impact energy) in the modulus versus velocity plot is much higher than the calculated modulus using the standard models. This difference is attributed to embrittlement. The maximum error in the velocity measurements is ±4 m/s (13 ft/s) and it is suggested that ultrasonic velocity measurements can be effectively devised as condition assessment tools to monitor turbine blades for the 748 K (887 °F) embrittlement phenomenon." @default.
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- W820085911 date "2004-01-01" @default.
- W820085911 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
- W820085911 title "Elastic modulus determination as a potential tool for predicting embrittlement in 12%Cr-Mo ferritic steel" @default.
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