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• W82299774 abstract "Glutathione peroxidase (GPX, EC 1.11.1.9 and EC 1.11.1.12) and Carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) are two enzymes important for a variety of adaptation/tolerance processes of organisms. CA plays a key role in osmoregulation when GPX is one of the most important enzymes involved in protection of the organism against oxidative damage. In my thesis I studied GPX and CAs from Antarctic teleosts species of Notothenidae and Bathydraconidae (Paper I-II) and CAs from intertidal teleosts (Periophtalmus sobrinus, Gobidae, and Opsanus beta, Batrachoididae (Paper II-III). Firstly, I compared the obtained sequences with those available in database for teleosts and other vertebrates (human, mouse and bird) to reconstruct the molecular phylogeny of two enzyme in teleosts (Paper I-II). Finally, I have investigated the role of CA for the osmoregulation in seawater toadfish (Opsanus beta) exposed to hypersalinity (Paper III). The GenBank database, few sequences of GPX and CAs of temperate teleosts are available and no data are available for Antarctic or intertidal fish were not present. In particular, I choose to study those species because they live in environments with peculiar chemical/physical parameters that influenced, during the evolution, their physiological, morphological and behavioural characteristics. The Antarctic fish (Papers I-II) live in a well delimited geographic zone. The Southern Ocean is comprised from the Antarctic continent to the Polar Front, a curved current continuously encircling Antarctica where cold, northward-flowing Antarctic waters meet and mix with the relatively warmer sub-Antarctic waters. In this limited zone, macro evolutionary events happened, such as radiation of some fauna components. Most of the fish species living in this zone (like nototenioidae) are presents only there. Temperature (-1.9 °C) and salinity (34.8 ppt) are lower than in temperate Oceans (Legg et al. 2009). As a consequence, the oxygen concentration is higher (9 mg l-1 (Meiner et al. 2009)) in these waters because of the higher solubility of the gas. Furthermore, these parameters are constant during the year. In this perspective, is high the interest to study the evolution of some proteins such as of GPX (Paper I), linked to hyperoxia, and of CAs (Paper II), linked to osmoregulation, to investigate if two enzymes have been an independent evolution and if them aminoacidic sequences are modified compared to sequences of temperate teleosts. The intertidal species (mudskipper Periophtalmus sobrinus (Paper II) and toadfish Opsanus beta (Paper III) both live in mangrove zones. Temperature (the average 28.9°C in Kenya (Schmitz et al. 2007) and in 25.8°C Florida (Kelble et al. 2007)) and salinity (the average 32.4 ppt in Kenya (Schmitz et al. 2007) and 33.0 ppt in Florida (Kelble et al. 2007)) are higher with respect to temperate oceans and these parameters, in contrast to Antarctic habitat, are very fluctuating. Gazy Bay (Kenya), where mudskipper lives, is subject to seasonal fluctuation due to tides. Florida Bay (Florida), where toadfish lives, is subject to seasonal fluctuation due to wet and dry season. The mudskipper was sampled in Gazy Bay (during summer of 2007), and toadfish was sampled in Florida Bay (during summer of 2009). My data show that both GPXs and CAs aminoacidic sequences are conserved in all teleosts (Paper I-II). Just a few aminoacidic changes were found in Antarctic teleosts aminoacidic sequences. Considering the active site and he aminoacidic zone toward the catalytic centre of GPX (Paper I), only the polar Arg182, conserved in all teleosts GPX-1, changes in a hydrophobic Lys in Antarctic fish enzyme (Aumann et al. 1997). In CA sequences the analysis has been focused on residues that are included within 10 A of the zinc atom (Paper II). They are almost all conserved, with only a few aminoacidic substitutions but maintaining the same properties. Consequently we assume that the features of active site and the aminoacidic sequence toward the catalytic centre of both enzymes are well conserved in teleosts.The phylogenetic tree has different topology for GPX and CA sequences (Paper I-II). In the GPX the Antarctic teleosts group together, while in the CA tree they are divided in two different groups. The topology of GPX of Antarctic teleosts is the same as that of Antarctic teleosts obtained by molecular data (16S rRNA. (Near et al. 2004). This suggests that the CAs evolved in a separate way.In the last paper (Paper III), I measured the expression and activity of CA linked to osmoregulation. It was not possible to perform the same analysis for GPXs and CAs of other fish sequenced because the samples used were frozen while to measure activity I needed fresh samples. I found a correlation between hypersalinity and increase of CA activity and expression in gills and intestine. This suggests an involvement of gill and intestine CA in regulation of seawater fish exposed to hypersalinity" @default.
• W82299774 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W82299774 date "2010-01-31" @default.
• W82299774 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
• W82299774 title "CARBONIC ANHYDRASE AND GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE. MOLECULAR PHYLOGENESIS AND PHYSIOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE FORENVIRONMENTAL STRESS RESISTANCE" @default.
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