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- W826339575 abstract "Innate immunity represents the sole mechanism of host defense against microbial infections in invertebrates. In mammals and other vertebrates, innate immunity provides the first line of host defense against these infections. Studies over the past few years have shown that Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are crucial molecules in the recognition of various pathogen-associatedmolecular patterns (PAMPs), and therefore represent a class of pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs). Like the TLRs, interleukin-1 receptor superfamily (IL-1Rs) also plays key roles in host responses to infection and inflammation. This chapter describes the current state of knowledge of these two superfamilies of receptors and their ligands, as well as the molecules that mediate the membrane-proximal events of their signaling. The intracellular region of Toll contains two domains (Fig. 1). The first, membraneproximal domain has about 150 residues and bears sequence homology to the intracellular domain of the IL-1 receptor (IL-1R). This domain is known as the TIR domain and is discussed in more detail. Many molecules have been identified in the signaling pathways of the IL-1Rs and TLRs. The chapter focuses on the membrane-proximal events of these pathways. The signal transduction through the TLRs and the IL-1Rs ultimately leads to the activation of the transcription factor NF-kB, the mitogenactivated protein (MAP) kinases (ERK, p38, and JNK) and transcription factors of the AP-1 family. Structural biology is the most important experimental technique for addressing issues regarding the molecular basis of innate immunity." @default.
- W826339575 created "2016-06-24" @default.
- W826339575 creator A5004904484 @default.
- W826339575 date "2014-04-08" @default.
- W826339575 modified "2023-09-24" @default.
- W826339575 title "Toll/Interleukin-1 Receptors and Innate Immunity" @default.
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- W826339575 doi "https://doi.org/10.1128/9781555818395.ch12" @default.
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