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• W829346987 abstract "Nallim, Jorge A. Transformations and Crisis of Liberalism in Argentina, 1930-1955. Pittsburgh: U of Pittsburgh P, 2012. 274 pp. ISBN: 978-0-8229-6203-8. What are the relations between politics and culture? How do ideas relate to both, and to what extent? More specifically, what are the reactions of intellectuals and intellectual organizations to changing events in politics? Jorge Nallim, an Argentinean professor of history at the University of Manitoba, helps provide answers to these questions as he presents the rise and decline of liberalism in Argentina between 1930 and 1955. Nallim considers liberalism as a contested ideology, rather than as a hegemonic construction imposed by elites on the lower classes. In his analysis, liberalism was the hegemonic ideology in Argentina, and one can say, in the Western world, between 1852, when Juan Manuel de Rosas was overthrown from power, and 1930, when Hipolito Yrigoyen suffered the same fate. This hegemonic position was challenged during the decades Nallim studies, after which the ideology lost its dominant status in Argentina, becoming associated with opposition to popular democracy, conservative and exclusionary politics. In this volume, Nallim explores the changing meanings of the liberal ideology as it was appropriated by different groups and used for different purposes during those critical decades in Argentina's history. His contributions to the theme are noteworthy. While a large body of historical research has discussed the role of liberalism from the foundation of the Argentinean state until the first decades of the twentieth century, the ideology has not received similar attention during the 1930-1955 timeframe. The attention it has received, moreover, tends to portray it as a foil against which non-liberal groups (such as labor movements and unions, the military, the Catholic Church, nationalist groups with a totalitarian bent and, most importantly, Peronism) defined their positions, rather than examining liberalism itself. Nallim proposes that given the return of liberalism to Argentinean life in the 1990s under Menem's presidencies, it is important to see it not just as an academic topic, as interesting as that may be, but also as a relevant one for a more nuanced and better understanding of current political and cultural institutions in Argentina. Nallim's book explores the coincidences and the tensions among and within major political parties, as well as the deeper structural tensions that affected the country's political system and economy between 1930 and 1955. Nallim departs from current scholarship in that he proposes that liberalism, loosely defined by some basic elements such as fundamental political and economic freedoms (5) and the importance of individuals who possess inalienable rights (7), did not have a single meaning common to the different groups that used it to define their positions during the period studied. His theoretical and historical approaches allow for a more accurate understanding of liberalism in Argentina's history, politics, and culture during those decades, while avoiding essentialist tendencies that want to define the true liberal group or tradition. As theoretical tools Nallim takes into account the works of Benedict Anderson, Partha Chatteijee, Clifford Geertz, and Ann Swindler, and proposes that the groups that used liberalism in Argentina to advance their goals engaged in a dynamic process of invention of traditions (4), using liberalism as a tool kit in varying configurations to solve different kinds of problems. …" @default.
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• W829346987 title "Nallim, Jorge A.: Transformations and Crisis of Liberalism in Argentina, 1930-1955" @default.
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