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• W830334412 abstract "The approximate prehistoric territorial limits of an Archaic belief system in the lower Pecos area of Texas is hypothesized on the basis of the geographic distribution of a distinctive pictograph style. It is proposed that these rock art localities functioned as ritual sites for a group of Archaic bands who shared a common ideology. This paper presents one aspect of a broader study which is being conducted of hunting and gathering adaptations in the lower Pecos River region of southwest Texas (Shafer, et al. 1975; Dering and Shafer ms.; Bryant and Shafer ms.). We have selected the lower Pecos region to study persistent hunting and gathering adaptations for several reasons, chief among them are the excellent preservation of certain kinds of archeological and botanical materials, the wealth of archeological data available through earlier works and the excellent and securely dated chronological (Epstein 1968; Johnson 1974; Ross 1965; Parsons 1965a; Dibble 1967; Dibble and Lorrain 1968; Sorrow 1968; Collins 1969; and Alexander 1970) and paleoenviron mental (Bryant 1969; 1975) frameworks which have been established. I am assuming that the material elements of the Lower Pecos Archaic are the behavioral products of a once viable cultural system. I feel that in order to analyze the Lower Pecos Archaic as a cultural system, it must be isolated in time and space. Once this is done, then the interrelationship of the components within the context of the cultural system can be investigated. *Paper presented at the symposium entitled Prehistoric Adaptations in the Chihuahuan Desert, Society for American Archaeology Annual Meeting, Dallas. Beginning approximately 7000 B.C., popu lations having extractive technologies settled in the deeply entrenched canyons where the Pecos and Devil's Rivers enter the Rio Grande. These populations established a persistent cultural adaptation to a semi-arid environment that may have lasted virtually into historic times. The bow and arrow appears in the hunting technology about A.D. 800-1000 and may have marked an end to the conservative Archaic lifeway. Since there appear to have been other cultural changes taking place about this time (such as changes in pictographic style, possible increase in the use of upland resources, among others), I will use the introduction of the bow and arrow as a terminal date for the Lower Pecos Archaic. The temporal span of the Archaic conti nuum in the lower Pecos area is based on a securely dated chronology which emphasizes changes in projectile point styles, but is not altogether restricted to that kind of change. Other subtle chronological changes have been noted regarding minor shifts in certain aspects of the lithic technology (Epstein 1963; Collins 1974) and subsistence (Alexander 1970; 1974). The cultural sequence of the Lower Pecos Archaic has been divided into several periods based largely on changes in projectile point styles. Johnson (1964), for example, divides the sequence into three periods, early, middle and late. Story (1966) separates the Archaic into five periods; and more recently Collins (1974) divides the sequence into nine periods. Despite these apparently minor changes, one is indeed impressed with the persistent adaptation over several thousand years and is challenged to explain the uniformities rather than the fluctuations." @default.
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• W830334412 date "1975-01-01" @default.
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• W830334412 title "Art and Territoriality in the Lower Pecos Archaic" @default.
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