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• W83034080 abstract "Mark Moran, World Vision Australia and University of QueenslandINTRODUCTIONLow levels of development of infrastructure and industry in remote Australia enable Aboriginal people tocontinue to assert their social and cultural traditions more strongly than they can in regional and urbanareas. Yet remote Aboriginal settlements operate in an extreme economic context, arising from limitedeconomic opportunities, the small size of settlements, large distances between settlements, a lack ofinstitutional capital, and high levels of mobility between and within settlements. Due to low levels ofpersonal savings and disposable incomes, Aboriginal settlements have historically failed to attract privatesector consumer services. Whereas mainstream settlements are actively engaged in the market economy,the economy of most remote Aboriginal settlements is dominated by government transfers (Moran &Elvin 2009).A perilous state of human welfare has emerged in many of these settlements (Productivity Commission2007). This has given rise to a public debate on their ongoing viability, which began when the IndigenousAffairs Minister Amanda Vanstone described small remote Aboriginal communities as ‘culturalmuseums’ (Australian Broadcasting Corporation 2005). Further contributions in this vein have beenHelen Hughes’ book Lands of Shame (2007), published by the conservative Centre for IndependentStudies, and the ‘Leaving Remote Communities’ conference, sponsored by the Bennelong Society inSydney in September 2006. From both more and less sympathetic views, these interventions havesupported a range of policy proposals, from investing more but differently, through to total withdrawalof support for the remoter settlements altogether, effectively leaving them to ‘wither on the vine’.Contrary views have been slow to mobilise, partly because the questions raised—why are health,education, employment and law and order outcomes so ‘bad’?—are valid, even if the proposed causesand solutions are contestable (Stafford Smith, Moran, & Seemann 2008, p. 123).A recent paper by Dr Gary Johns (2009) titled ‘No Job, No House’, released by the Menzies ResearchCentre in January, is the most recent addition to this viability debate. Johns is an economist with a PhDin political science, who served as a minister in the Keating government, then as a senior fellow at themarket-oriented Institute of Public Affairs, and most recently as the President of the Bennelong Society.He argues in his paper that housing should not be provided to remote Aboriginal communities wherethere are no jobs and people are unable to pay rent or service a mortgage: money spent on remotecommunity housing has been ‘generous and well-targeted’ but it has produced ‘wrecked houses anddependent communities’ (p. 4). According to Johns, ‘the decline of these communities both in a socialand population sense raises serious doubts about the level of government assistance that should continueto be provided to them’ (p. 6). Provocatively, he argues that government should not provide permanenthousing to communities unless they can show they are economically viable: ‘the ultimate solution toAboriginal housing in remote areas is jobs, but an honest assessment of employment prospects in remoteareas is that they are bleak’ (p. 18). Johns argues that people need to adjust to the notion that if there areno jobs in their town, they have to move to where there are opportunities in regional centres, otherwisethey will be trapped in poverty: ‘anything less than a ‘no job, no house’ mindset will harm Aborigines’ (p.36).From the outset, it is important to establish that such accounts of viability are selective. For example, aninquiry into the sustainability of local government councils in New South Wales found many operatingunsustainably with funding support from other levels of government (Allan, Darlison & Gibbs 2006), buttheir viability has not been questioned. A simplistic accounting against some benchmark of viability" @default.
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• W83034080 date "2009-03-01" @default.
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• W83034080 title "What job, which house?: Simple solutions to complex problems in indigenous affairs" @default.
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