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- W83067944 abstract "Neutral Beam Injectors (NBI) for ITER shall operate at particle energy levels, heating power and steady state working conditions that have never been simultaneously reached before in other fusion experiments. Furthermore, the NBI efficiency, availability and reliability required for a fusion reactor are critical issues that claim for an accurate and robust design. In high energy neutral beams, negative ions are used for the higher efficiency of their neutralization process with respect to the positive ones. Research has demonstrated that the production rate of negative ions is highly increased by the presence of caesium acting as catalyst. Thus, caesium vapours are injected into the plasma source by means of special evaporators, called caesium ovens.The present research work whose results are the subject of this thesis has been carried out in the frame of the design activities for the ITER negative ion source prototype, called SPIDER, which is going to be procured and operated at Consorzio RFX, Euratom-ENEA Association. In particular, the work has been focused on those components of the negative ion beam source which are characterized by continuous cooling to guarantee proper heat removal and temperature control, especially the accelerator grids, where high heating power and highly focused power densities are present. According to the doctorate program, this work has been developed in the following phases.Prototypes of accelerator grid cooling channels have been successfully produced and main manufacturing issues have been solved. In particular, issues on dissimilar metal joining techniques and embedding of thermocouples for thermal monitoring of components have been solved during the production.A specific plant for thermo-hydraulic measurements, called Insulation and Cooling Experiment (ICE), has been designed, procured and operated to execute tests on the grid cooling channel prototypes in order to measure pressure drops and heat transfer coefficients to support the design activity of the SPIDER accelerator. Experimental results have been obtained and compared both with analytical and Computational Fluid-Dynamic models demonstrating that the former underestimate the heat removal capabilities of the cooling channels, whereas the latter are much closer to the experimental results.Finally, the in-vacuum confinement of the entire beam source has required a completely new design of the caesium ovens, with respect to the existing ones. The design of the caesium evaporation and injection systems has been carried out, also supported by thermal and mechanical Finite Element analyses. A proposal of a caesium level measuring system has been presented and its feasibility has been demonstrated by a proof of concept." @default.
- W83067944 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W83067944 date "2012-01-01" @default.
- W83067944 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W83067944 title "Ion beam sources for neutral beam injectors: studies and design for component active cooling and caesium ovens" @default.
- W83067944 hasPublicationYear "2012" @default.
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