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- W83096995 abstract "ABSTRACT Cheap energy and the fluorescent lamp released designers from concerns about windows and daylighting-necessitated space configurations during the 1950s. Quality of lighting was focused principally on lux quantities . From the 1950s to the dramatic increases in fossil fuel costs of the late 1970s, there was scant research and development related to either daylighting or electric lighting. With the sudden energy situation change came renewed interest in daylighting. Hence, refinements in existing daylighting analytical procedures followed quickly, coupling daylighting concerns with those of thermal gains/losses and electric lighting energy use. In recent years, theoretically-derived and empirically-based availability data has increased and broadened significantly, although still limited to major metropolitan areas. Strategies for lighting design have focused on architectural changes. New glazing materials are in development which will effectively and selectively transmit, reject, or distribute radiant energy. Automated, photocell-controlled, and solar tracking device snow control louvers, other shading devices, and insulating panels. Skylights with similar sophisticated controls double as solar collectors and daylighting devices. New developments in electric lamps are providing improved color rendition characteristics and higher lumen production per unit of energy used. More efficient luminaires are helping reduce glare potential. Indirect HID sources make possible increased flexibility. Small wattage lamps with better color rendition and improved efficiencies are replacing standard home-lighting equipment. Perhaps the greatest recent achievement shave been in the control and distribution of electric energy for lighting which have tremendously increased the potential for using light more effectively. All this has led to heightened concerns for, and increased research into, biological phenomena associated with lighting to provide better understanding of work performance and productivity. Safety and security needs have prompted additional research and equipment improvements directed toward better lighting of highway sand intersections and urban-blighted areas." @default.
- W83096995 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W83096995 date "1985-01-01" @default.
- W83096995 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W83096995 title "ILLUMINATION OF BUILDINGS AND URBAN AREAS" @default.
- W83096995 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-031644-4.50014-x" @default.
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