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• W83098282 abstract "Ovine Johne's disease (OJD) has spread widely in Australia since its detection in 1980 and is now established in higher rainfall areas in south-eastern and south-western Australia. Initially the national program was based on traditional tools of zoning, quarantine and attempted eradication from individual farms, and was complemented by the Market Assurance Program to promote low risk flocks. However, without financial support for the owners of infected flocks, producers actively sought to avoid detection of the disease. A mid-term review of the program provided the impetus to evaluate the risk factors in the spread of the disease and to undertake a quantitative risk assessment that could be form the basis of an assurance declaration form. This was developed into the Assurance Based Credit (ABC) Scheme which has been incorporated into the National Sheep Health Statement (SHS) to encourage prospective purchasers to obtain the NHS before purchasing sheep. The declaration provides producers with the ability to assess the risk associated with the flock of origin and activities undertaken to reduce the risk. The SHS also includes declarations for other important production diseases of sheep. The current national program was developed and implemented through a partnership between industry and governments and is largely funded by the national sheep industries. It provides trading opportunities for both infected and not assessed flocks using a risk based trading system underpinned by surveillance information, a readily available vaccine and a uniform vendor declaration which is supported by government regulation. BACKGROUND Ovine Johne's disease has spread widely since its detection in central New South Wales in 1980 and is now established in higher rainfall production systems in south-eastern and south-western Australia. Sheep are regularly traded across state borders in Australia and, depending on local pastoral conditions, may move several hundred kilometres. This has the potential to seed disease to areas not previously infected with OJD. Initially the national program was based on traditional tools of zoning, quarantine and attempted eradication from individual farms, and was complemented by the Market Assurance Program to promote low risk flocks. State authorities regulated the program which led to different requirements for disease control and certification between states, and an increasing reliance on state borders to control disease. Producers were required to complete a state based OJD declaration form each time sheep moved or were traded, which further impacted the sheep trade. Producers were also required to complete additional documentation for movement requirements and for other disease conditions. Since 2004 there has been a progressive de-regulation of OJD and the adoption of an industry initiated program that has been developed with the support of state animal health authorities. This change of direction in national policy is consistent with similar approaches developed for the management of bovine Johne's disease by other livestock industries. The National Sheep Health Statement was developed by national industry groups, livestock agents and state governments to provide a standard for the voluntary declaration of sheep health risk across Australia. Prospective buyers of sheep are able to assess the risk a line of sheep represents to their own flock and in some states, is used for declaration of interstate movements. Proceedings of 10ICP 2009 219 The statement provides: • A standardised animal health declaration form that would allow movement of sheep across state borders. • Information on the health status of other to minimise paperwork. • A tool for promoting and managing farm biosecurity. THE NATIONAL SHEEP HEALTH STATEMENT Industry organisations are very supportive of the move away from regulatory control and an increased emphasis on farm biosecurity. The Statement is a readily accessible tool to assist producers manage their risk of inadvertently sourcing sheep with OJD and also improves consistency and easier movement between states. There are five sections to the National Sheep Health Statement. Section 1 Consignment information: Confirms the origin of the sheep and identification for traceability purposes. Section 2 ABC score: A key feature of the National Sheep Health Statement is a producer’s declaration about the ABC score of the sheep in the consignment that indicates the level of risk of ovine Johne’s disease. Section 3 and Section 4 – Footrot and other health information: Endemic diseases which had previously required separate state based declaration forms. Section 5 – Declaration: Although using the Statement is voluntary in most states, it is a legal declaration under the stock diseases legislation and producers may be prosecuted for false declarations. The statement is not valid unless it is signed. How do producers work out their ABC score? Under the ABC Scheme, a sheep producer can claim credit points for his or her sheep under four Categories: A. Area and flock of origin The known ovine Johne's disease status of the flock or the Prevalence Area from which the sheep originated. (Refer to Figure 1) B. Testing history, including negative flock tests for the Sheep Market Assurance Program, as well as negative abattoir monitoring. C. Vaccination history and whether the sheep are vaccinated themselves, as well as whether they come from a fully vaccinated flock and are the progeny of vaccinated sheep. The use of Gudair TM vaccine is encouraged in all prevalence areas. Vaccinated sheep are eligible for ABC points for vaccination if they are identified by a standard NLIS (Sheep) ear tag incorporating a V identifier. D. Individual veterinary risk assessment for a consignment of sheep undertaken by an Approved Veterinarian. Proceedings of 10ICP 2009 220 Figure 1. Prevalence Areas, based on flock prevalence estimated from abattoir surveillance of slaughtered sheep, and their respective ABC credits. Sheep buyers are encouraged to obtain a declaration for any consignments they are interested in buying and to learn what the ABC information on it means for them. Buyers can then determine the risk that those sheep present to their own flock, by relating the score of the sheep offered for sale to their own flock score, and determining whether they want to take that risk. The clear message is that the higher the ABC score of introduced sheep, the lower the risk and the greater confidence in protecting a flock’s ovine Johne's disease status. Extensive promotion of the use of the National Sheep Health Statement was undertaken prior to its launch in March 2008. A simple one page flier was developed with the message Don’t be fleeced when next you buy sheep and an easy to remember website was developed, www.ojd.com.au . The website is promoted as the central source of information, with links to and from each state website and key industry websites. In some states, animal health authorities have printed hard copies of the National Sheep Health Statement for distribution, but this is not encouraged as it often leads to producers using out of date statements. In the future, an E-form is planned for electronic lodgment and inclusion in presale catalogues. To reinforce the biosecurity component of this message the National Sheep Health Statement is also readily accessible from a high profile website used to promote general farm biosecurity, www.farmbiosecurity.com.au. Proceedings of 10ICP 2009 221 COMPLEMENTARY ASPECTS On-Farm Disease Reduction Practices Grazing management and biosecurity planning are also tools of choice for controlling disease on-farm and reducing the risk of spreading infection. Producers are encouraged to develop property disease management plans that • most importantly, determine the level of risk associated with sheep prior to purchase and introduction by requesting a National Sheep Health Statement. • use grazing management to reduce bacterial load on contaminated pastures and the development of ‘safe’ pastures (spelled or grazed with non susceptible stock for 12 months), • implement biosecurity activities such as double fencing, and • test purchased rams or other valuable individual animals by faecal culture before they are released into the flock. Abattoir Monitoring Abattoir monitoring involves examination of the intestines during the normal meat inspection process at several key sheep abattoirs. It generates data which is used to estimate flock prevalence in geographic regions of Australia and to provide feedback to individual producers on the occurrence of OJD in their sheep. This feedback enables them improve their Johne’s disease control or, where monitoring is negative, to declare additional ABC credits under the testing section (C) on the National Sheep Health Statement." @default.
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• W83098282 title "The National Sheep Health Statement - a tool for assessing Johne's disease risk in the sheep industries." @default.
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