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• W834160807 abstract "IntroductionIn April 1529, in response to their community's transition to the Protestant confession, members of the government in Bern, Switzerland, compiled a list of precious metalwork destined for the mint.1 They were acting on orders from the previous November, when the city council decided that the gold and silver objects that had accumulated in formerly Catholic churches and institutions should be smelted down and precious stones and textiles sold off.2 The divestiture of treasure, which occurred in other communities during the Reformation, was intended to reverse the root causes of corruption according to Protestant critique, which were the financial abuses and material excesses of the old church. Itemizing objects that are about not to exist any longer, the Bernese secularization list stands as a negative inventory that, unlike a treasury or probate inventory, signals definitively that the objects it records have been destroyed. Bearing the heading Silver Plate Coined 1529, this list describes accumulated vessels, reliquaries, and implements in extremely restricted terms, with no reference whatsoever to stylistic or ornamental details.3 It records one attribute of these doomed forms with assiduous precision, however: their weight.The present essay engages with the problem of this document's predominant descriptive category-the weight of individual objects - a focus that challenges the prevailing tendency in art history to overlook weight as a significant metric. Dimensions indicating size and volume-height, length, width, and diameter- appear almost as a rule in catalogue entries and image captions, but the weight of an object goes, for the most part, unmentioned. This absence reflects the predominantly visual orientation of the discipline. After all, weight cannot be experienced by purely visual means. An object must be picked up to determine its heft in the bare hand, or placed on a scale for more precise measurement. Such an operation would seem irrelevant in the case of those paintings and sculptures that hang or stand immobile in the museum, their weight mattering only to the expert handlers tasked on occasion with transporting them and the curators and technicians responsible for securing them. But for some categories of object, weight is a dimension that not only corporealizes the modern beholder's engagement with the work, but also helps to recover historical approaches to the object.Weight has long provided a structuring descriptive system for precious metalwork because a gold or silver object's weight directly correlates to its financial value. Regardless of its current aesthetic value, metalwork can always be smelted down-literally liquidated-to bullion and sold for the current market price. In contexts in which currency was itself made of precious metal, the weight of metalwork indicated even more precisely the amount of cash that could be extracted from it. This metrological information is not, however, 'merely' financial, or beyond aesthetic or hermeneutic concerns. Instead, it concretizes the peculiar transformational qualities of gold and silver.Recognition of precious metal's value and fluidity can be located in the vigilant systems for tracking its weight in early modern Europe. In mines and smelting works, in the goldsmith's workshop, the assayer's office, and the mint, ore and metals were constantly weighed to prevent loss and theft during processes of transformation. Inventories of households, and of sacred and secular princely treasuries, also functioned as tracking records. Weighing plate, jewelry, or other objects with significant precious metal content was an efficient method of calculating their financial value, a practice underscored by the fact that most entries of weight in inventories appeared in the local unit of account. The weights included in inventories of precious metalwork thus constituted an appraisal as well as a description.4 In estimating the amount of bullion that could be extracted from a given item, such inventory entries not only identified what currently existed but also implicitly acknowledged those forms as temporary, and thus pointed towards distinct future incarnations. …" @default.
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• W834160807 date "2014-12-01" @default.
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• W834160807 title "The Weight of Plate in Early Modern Inventories and Secularization Lists" @default.
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