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• W8363598 abstract "Much has been written about popular music in East Germany (the German Democratic Republic or GDR), most notably by Peter Wicke, Michael Rauhut, and Olaf Leitner. (1) VEB Deutsche Schallplatten (VEB DS), country's official and only legal record label, was responsible for all musical output and faced challenges unique to a socialist organization. VEB DS was a nationally-owned enterprise (a volkseigene Betrieb), as were most East German businesses. VEB DS worked exclusively with professional bands--as of 1988 official count of professional rock bands (not including dance bands) was 110. (2) As Durrani noted, there are few other countries in which party conferences earnestly and repeatedly debated question of what kind of music their citizens ought be listening to. (3) In addition, among eastern bloc countries, Randlesome noted that GDR was economically most successful its business institutions appeared to radiate success and stability. (4) VEB DS had six divisions, of which Amiga, branch for popular music, stirred up most controversy. This essay describes: founding and origins of VEB DS throughout GDR's tenure; production issues unique to a socialist record label (including a plagiarism lawsuit); and, what happened to VEB DS after Germany's reunification, including licensing agreements and integration with western labels. Not surprisingly, reunification caused great changes for record company, transforming socialist business into a new, capitalist model. The whole history of VEB DS will be traced, including management changes made as recently as 2008. [See Figure 1 for a timeline of major events in GDR history, including development and dissolution of VEB DS.] GDR leader Walter Ulbricht (and later Erich Honecker) famously resisted 'beat' music and insisted that GDR not use capitalistic terms like 'band', or 'disc jockey,' favouring instead 'combo' and 'Schallplattenunterhalter.' (5) The government tried to resist all western and particularly American influences on music but, of course, did not succeed. The Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands ('Socialist Unity Party') or SED became interested in acknowledging western artists like The Beatles and The Rolling Stones when potential profits in 'The East' became apparent. They then allowed special licensing through state's lone record company. As Patricia Simpson remarked, the history of official reception alternates between efforts at resistance and cooptation. (6) The concession by government to allow some music in from west was still limiting, as evidenced by 60/40 regulation. This regulation meant that foreign music could only officially account for 40% of radio airplay and record productions. In later years, this directive was eased somewhat but government generally supported playing as much East German music (in German) as possible. (7) Much of so-called popular music was played on DT 64 (on Berliner Rundfunk), a radio program founded in 1964 and backed by nation's official youth organization, Freie Deutsche Jugend (FDJ). Roughly 40% of GDR's youths were a part of FDJ, making DT 64 an important way to reach this impressionable audience. (8) Although some western titles were released in original languages, to meet regulation, other titles were painstakingly translated into very literal German. One example is Mick Jagger's album She's Boss, dubbed in German as Sie ist der Boss. The lyrics for Lonely at Top (Oben ist es einsam) began: Einsam, einsam. Weiss Gott, du bist ehrgeizig, gibst dir solche Miihe ... based on original lyrics: Lonely, lonely God knows you're ambitious, see you push so hard ... (9) Even though most West German bands, with exception of Udo Lindenberg, performed in English, the GDR rocked to sounds of German language. (10) VEB Deutsche Schallplatten VEB Deutsche Schallplatten (originally called Lieder der Zeit Musikverlag) was founded in 1947 by socialist actor/singer Ernst Busch, inspired by his tour of duty with Soviet army. …" @default.
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• W8363598 date "2012-03-22" @default.
• W8363598 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W8363598 title "A Well-Oiled Machine: The Creation and Dissolution of East Germany's VEB Deutsche Schallplatten" @default.
• W8363598 hasPublicationYear "2012" @default.
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